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Post-Test
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1
The flippers of penguins and dolphins are
A)homologous structures.
B)analogous structures.
C)evidence of the molecular clock.
D)evidence that both are closely related on the molecular family tree.
2
The forelimbs of mammals are an example of
A)vestigial organs.
B)analogous structures.
C)homologous structures.
D)All of the above
3
Which one of the following would cause the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be inaccurate?
A)The size of the population is very large.
B)Individuals mate with one another at random.
C)Natural selection is present.
D)There is no source of new copies of alleles from outside the population.
4
Which type of selection acts to eliminate both extremes of phenotypes?
A)Stabilizing
B)Disruptive
C)Directional
D)Migration
5
Which one of the following populations would most quickly lead to two groups with few shared traits?
A)A population with disruptive selection
B)A population with directional selection
C)A population with stabilizing selection
D)A population with no selection
6
Even though sickle-cell anemia is usually fatal to homozygous individuals, the disease persists because
A)gene therapy has alleviated the condition.
B)the disease is carried on a dominant allele.
C)individuals with one allele for sickle-cell anemia are resistant to malaria.
D)A combination of all of the above
7
An example of the bottleneck effect is
A)the peppered moth.
B)the African cheetah.
C)the domestic dog.
D)farm animals.
8
Prezygotic isolating mechanisms include all of the following except
A)hybrid sterility.
B)courtship rituals.
C)physical separation.
D)seasonal reproduction.
9
Darwin's theory of evolution has not been accepted by religious conservatives in the United States.
A)True
B)False
10
Darwin proposed that the trait for longer necks in giraffes was acquired and then passed on to the offspring.
A)True
B)False
11
______________ is the result of changes that occur within a population.
A)Macroevolution
B)Microevolution
C)Speciation
D)Selection
12
The most direct evidence of macroevolution is found in the fossil record.
A)True
B)False
13
German shepherds and poodles are able to mate and produce viable fertile offspring (strange looking though they might be!) so they must be
A)members of two closely related but similar species.
B)members of different species.
C)genetically compatible members of the same subspecies.
D)members of the same species.
E)members of the same ecological race.
14
Which of the following plays a role in speciation?
A)Lack of phenotypic variants in a population
B)Natural selection reinforcing differences between two races
C)Geographic isolation of organisms that were once in the same population
D)The ability of organisms to interbreed with other members of the population
E)Both 2 and 3
15
The males of two species of birds use different mating dances to attract their mates. This is an example of_____________ isolation.
A)postzygotic
B)behavioral
C)ecological
D)hybrid inviability
E)hybrid infertility
16
One species of snake lives exclusively in the water while another species of snake inhabits trees. This is an example of __________ isolation.
A)postzygotic
B)behavioral
C)ecological
D)hybrid inviability
E)hybrid infertility
17
_________________ is the random loss of alleles in a population due to chance occurrences and not due to fitness.
A)Mutations
B)Migrations
C)Genetic drift
D)Non-random mating
18
Speciation that is more likely to occur between populations that are geographically isolated from each other is called sympatric speciation.
A)True
B)False
19
Evolutionary change that results from parallel evolutionary adaptations to similar environments is called convergent evolution.
A)True
B)False
20
Profound changes, such as major episodes of extinction, are an example of
A)punctuated equilibrium.
B)macroevolution.
C)microevolution.
D)selective stabilization.
E)directional stabilization.





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