A good understanding of this chapter's content would include an understanding of why each of these terms is important to education.

Athenian citizenship
in classical Athens the status granted to Athenian-born males not of the slave or the metic class; a status that granted civil liberties as well as the right to participate in the governance of Athens.

Athenian slavery
an institution of bondage and servitude to Athenian citizens that was an important part of the political and economic system on which Athenian democracy was built.

democracy
usually understood as government by informed popular consent rather than by a monarch or an elite group; defined more specifically by Jefferson, Du Bois, and Dewey, among others, who emphasize democracy as a mode of government that educates citizens through participation in decision making (see developmental democracy).

education through participation
(see democracy and democratic localism) in government, an emphasis on democracy as a system of government that develops people's capacity for decision making and self-rule while engaging them in processes of democratic decision making; in education, applies to the philosophy of learning by doing.

training versus education
a distinction intended to point out the difference between being prepared for the reliable performance of skills for a particular role (such as in medical training or musical training) and being prepared for a variety of social roles that may require a wide range of knowledge, skills, and critical perspectives (such as a liberal education).

ideology
as used in this book, the constellation of beliefs, values, and habits of thought shared by people in a large or small social group; a society's explanations of and justifications for the prevailing social order or an envisioned ideal order.

political economy
according to Webster, "a modern social science dealing with the relationship of political and economic processes"; more generally, a society's institutional arrangements and processes.

schooling versus education
a distinction intended to point out that whatever takes place in schools (schooling) may or may not help develop the individual's qualities of mind and body (education).

social foundations of education
the cultural contexts within which human learning takes place; the study of those cultural contexts.

social theory
efforts to explain data about humans living together in groups of various kinds; perspectives on human association used to guide the search for information about social groups as well as to explain that information.