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| 1 |  |  _____ was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party. |
|  | A) | Sandra Day O'Connor |
|  | B) | Geraldine Ferraro |
|  | C) | Dianne Feinstein |
|  | D) | Barbara Boxer |
|  | E) | Hillary Rodham Clinton |
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| 2 |  |  One area in which African Americans have made substantial progress since the 1960s |
|  | A) | is elective office. |
|  | B) | is in the penal system. |
|  | C) | is in the judicial system. |
|  | D) | is in the penal and judicial systems. |
|  | E) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 3 |  |  Women gained the right to vote in national elections in |
|  | A) | 1848. |
|  | B) | 1870. |
|  | C) | 1903. |
|  | D) | 1920. |
|  | E) | 1945. |
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| 4 |  |  Which region of the world has the highest percentage of national legislative seats held by women? |
|  | A) | North America |
|  | B) | Latin America |
|  | C) | East Asia |
|  | D) | Scandinavia |
|  | E) | East Africa |
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| 5 |  |  Which of the following statements is true? |
|  | A) | Women are more supportive than men of government programs for the poor. |
|  | B) | Women are more supportive than men of government programs for children. |
|  | C) | Women and men differ in their opinions and their votes. |
|  | D) | Women tend to have a greater tendency to vote for Democratic candidates than men. |
|  | E) | All these answers are correct. |
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| 6 |  |  The strict scrutiny test applies to |
|  | A) | race. |
|  | B) | ethnicity. |
|  | C) | gender. |
|  | D) | age. |
|  | E) | race and ethnicity. |
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| 7 |  |  The average Latino or African American's income is about _____ percent of the average non-Hispanic white person's income. |
|  | A) | 10 |
|  | B) | 20 |
|  | C) | 40 |
|  | D) | 60 |
|  | E) | 80 |
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| 8 |  |  According to Gunnar Myrdal, what is America's curse? |
|  | A) | low voter turnout |
|  | B) | greed |
|  | C) | discrimination |
|  | D) | alcoholism |
|  | E) | pollution |
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| 9 |  |  What happened when federal troops withdrew from the South in 1877? |
|  | A) | African Americans were treated the same as whites. |
|  | B) | Laws were enacted that segregated the races. |
|  | C) | In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court justices allowed separate and unequal treatment of African Americans. |
|  | D) | Laws were enacted that segregated the races, and the Supreme Court, through the Plessy decision, tacitly allowed separate and unequal treatment of African Americans. |
|  | E) | Racism came to an end in the South. |
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| 10 |  |  Congress made Native Americans official citizens of the United States in |
|  | A) | 1789. |
|  | B) | 1828. |
|  | C) | 1865. |
|  | D) | 1924. |
|  | E) | 1963. |
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| 11 |  |  In 2000, what did the Supreme Court justices rule with regard to the Boy Scouts? |
|  | A) | The Boy Scouts organization could not ban gays from participating. |
|  | B) | The Boy Scouts organization could ban gays from participating. |
|  | C) | The Boy Scouts organization could not ban girls from participating. |
|  | D) | The Boy Scouts organization could ban girls from participating. |
|  | E) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 12 |  |  In 2004, which state instituted same-sex marriage? |
|  | A) | Vermont |
|  | B) | Rhode Island |
|  | C) | New York |
|  | D) | California |
|  | E) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 13 |  |  The Supreme Court rejected the constitutionality of separate but equal facilities in |
|  | A) | Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Board of Education. |
|  | B) | Plessy v. Ferguson. |
|  | C) | Milliken v. Bradley. |
|  | D) | United States v. Virginia. |
|  | E) | Brown v. Board of Education. |
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| 14 |  |  In the case of United States v. Virginia (1996) the Supreme Court ruled that |
|  | A) | strict racial quotas were a valid means of ensuring racial diversity on college campuses. |
|  | B) | private colleges could refuse to admit prospective students on the basis of sexual orientation. |
|  | C) | male-only admissions policies at state-supported military academies were unconstitutional. |
|  | D) | because female instructors created an undue distraction at all-male universities, the schools in question could discriminate against women in their hiring practices. |
|  | E) | colleges affiliated with a particular religion could not take the religious persuasion of job candidates into consideration during the hiring process. |
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| 15 |  |  _____ is widely regarded as the most influential Latino leader in modern U.S. history. |
|  | A) | Kiki de la Garza |
|  | B) | Ben Nighthorse Campbell |
|  | C) | Cesar Chavez |
|  | D) | Loretta Sanchez |
|  | E) | Alberto Gonzalez |
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| 16 |  |  African American men were granted suffrage in |
|  | A) | 1845. |
|  | B) | 1870. |
|  | C) | 1896. |
|  | D) | 1920. |
|  | E) | 1945. |
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| 17 |  |  _____ attacked Martin Luther King, Jr. and his followers with dogs, cattle prods, and fire hoses in 1963. |
|  | A) | Strom Thurmond |
|  | B) | George Wallace |
|  | C) | Eugene "Bull" Connor |
|  | D) | J. Edgar Hoover |
|  | E) | Trent Lott |
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| 18 |  |  Which of the following is true about the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)? |
|  | A) | Congress approved the ERA in the early 1970s. |
|  | B) | The ERA fell three states short of the three-fourths majority it needed to be ratified. |
|  | C) | Congress approved the ERA in the 1970s, but it fell three states short of the three-fourths majority it needed to be ratified. |
|  | D) | The ERA was ratified by only half of the states. |
|  | E) | Congress rejected the ERA every time it came up for a vote. |
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| 19 |  |  Which of the following statements is true? |
|  | A) | During the late 1800s, Chinese and Japanese laborers were brought into the western states to work in mines and to build railroads. |
|  | B) | In 1930, Congress halted all immigration from Japan. |
|  | C) | Discrimination against Asians did not ease substantially until 1965. |
|  | D) | All of these are true: In the 1800s, Chinese and Japanese laborers were brought into the western states; in 1930 Congress halted all immigration from Japan; discrimination against Asians did not ease substantially until 1965. |
|  | E) | Immigrants from Asia were always welcome in the United States in the twentieth century. |
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| 20 |  |  All disabled children were guaranteed a free, appropriate education in |
|  | A) | 1789. |
|  | B) | 1854. |
|  | C) | 1891. |
|  | D) | 1938. |
|  | E) | 1975. |
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