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| 1 | |
The id, as described by Freud, contains sexual and aggressive impulses and is governed by the ______________ principle. |
| | A) | pleasure |
| | B) | reality |
| | C) | operating |
| | D) | primary |
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| 2 | |
Freud identified a number of "healthy" or highly adaptive defense mechanisms. Which one of the following is among them? |
| | A) | Reaction formation. |
| | B) | Intellectualization. |
| | C) | Suppression. |
| | D) | Displacement. |
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| 3 | |
The primary goal of classical psychoanalytic therapy is to ____________________. |
| | A) | improve the patient's social functioning |
| | B) | bring unconscious material into the conscious mind |
| | C) | become reconciled with one's parents |
| | D) | attain enlightenment |
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| 4 | |
Attachment theorists would suggest that a person who resists romantic relationships on the grounds that he or she prefers to be independent and emotionally self-sufficient has a _______________ attachment style. |
| | A) | fearful |
| | B) | preoccupied |
| | C) | dismissing |
| | D) | secure |
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| 5 | |
The _______________ perspective has been described as the "third force" in psychology? |
| | A) | humanistic |
| | B) | existential |
| | C) | behavioral |
| | D) | psychoanalytic |
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| 6 | |
Which two concepts, developed by two different humanistic psychologists, are very similar in meaning? |
| | A) | Congruence and synchronicity. |
| | B) | Conditions of worth and basic human needs. |
| | C) | Peak experiences and cathartic experiences. |
| | D) | The fully functioning person and the self-actualized person. |
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| 7 | |
All of the following are variants of the family perspective, except: |
| | A) | The structural approach. |
| | B) | The intergenerational approach. |
| | C) | The strategic approach. |
| | D) | The functional approach. |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following contains an example of negative reinforcement? |
| | A) | Olivia drinks a lot of tequila, gets a terrible headache the next day, and swears never to drink tequila again. |
| | B) | Olivia drinks a lot of tequila, gets a terrible headache the next day, and takes an aspirin. Olivia feels much better. Next time Olivia drinks tequila, she takes two aspirins before going to bed. |
| | C) | Olivia drinks a lot of tequila, has a fabulous time, and resolves to always order it in the future. |
| | D) | Olivia drinks a lot of tequila and gets very nauseous. Several weeks later someone refers to tequila and she feels nauseous all over again. |
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| 9 | |
Seamus is training his dog Sparky to "shake hands." At first, he gives Sparky a treat every time she looks at him when he calls her name. Later, Sparky only gets a treat when she moves a front paw. Finally, Sparky earns treats when she actually lifts a paw in response to Seamus' command. Behaviorists would say that Seamus is using the principle of __________. |
| | A) | shaping |
| | B) | Classical conditioning |
| | C) | negative reinforcement |
| | D) | counterconditioning |
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| 10 | |
Albert Bandura would say that people who persist in trying to reach their goals even when they encounter setbacks are high in self-____________. |
| | A) | esteem |
| | B) | enhancement |
| | C) | delusion |
| | D) | efficacy |
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| 11 | |
Barlow proposes that a combination of _______________ contribute to the experience of dysfunctional emotions. |
| | A) | physiological, cognitive, and self-efficacy |
| | B) | physiological, cognitive, and behavioral phenomena |
| | C) | cognitive, self-efficacy, and depressive disorders |
| | D) | physiological, depressive disorders, and cognitive |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following therapeutic techniques involves creating a hierarchy of feared situations? |
| | A) | Systematic desensitization. |
| | B) | Aversive conditioning. |
| | C) | Cognitive restructuring. |
| | D) | Breathing retraining. |
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| 13 | |
Which brain structure is crucial in the coordination of information from the central nervous system with systems involved in the control of emotion, motivation, and bodily regulation? |
| | A) | The cerebellum. |
| | B) | The pons. |
| | C) | The hypothalamus. |
| | D) | The medulla. |
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| 14 | |
The two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are the ______________________ systems. |
| | A) | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| | B) | Callous and paracallous |
| | C) | Circulatory and respiratory |
| | D) | Voluntary and involuntary |
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