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| 1 | |
Dr. Smith is interested in studying how specific memory processes change throughout the lifespan. He decides to study 8 different age groups (10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, 70-, and 80-year-olds) at the same point in time. Dr. Smith is using a |
| | A) | cross-sectional design. |
| | B) | longitudinal design. |
| | C) | sequential design. |
| | D) | cohort design. |
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| 2 | |
What is the correct order of the three stages of prenatal development? |
| | A) | Embryonic, germinal, fetal |
| | B) | Germinal, embryonic, fetal |
| | C) | Embryonic, germinal, fetal |
| | D) | Embryonic, germinal, infant |
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| 3 | |
External agents or substances that cause abnormal prenatal development are called |
| | A) | estrogens. |
| | B) | androgens. |
| | C) | teratogens. |
| | D) | inhibitors. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following statements best describes a newborn's visual capabilities? |
| | A) | They can generally see objects that are about a foot away. |
| | B) | They are unable to see virtually anything. |
| | C) | They have vision that is comparable to that of a 1-year-old. |
| | D) | They have visual abilities comparable to that of an adult. |
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| 5 | |
Moesha is a new mother. She notices that when she strokes her baby's cheek, the baby turns his head in the direction it was touched. What is this called? |
| | A) | Moro reflex |
| | B) | Sucking reflex |
| | C) | Babinski reflex |
| | D) | Rooting reflex |
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| 6 | |
Amanda's father hides her doll behind his back. At 3 months, Amanda cried because she thought the toy disappeared. At 8 months she is trying to look behind her father's back for her toy. What is the most likely explanation for Amanda's new ability to search for hidden items? |
| | A) | Amanda has mastered object permanence. |
| | B) | Amanda has not mastered object permanence. |
| | C) | Amanda has mastered the principle of conservation. |
| | D) | Amanda has not mastered the principle of conservation. |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? |
| | A) | Sensorimotor, Concrete Operational, Preoperational, Formal Operational |
| | B) | Preoperational, Sensorimotor, Formal Operational, Concrete Operational |
| | C) | Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational |
| | D) | Sensory, Preceptional, Formalized, Conceptional |
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| 8 | |
What is a limitation of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? |
| | A) | Cognitive development is more complex and variable than Piaget proposed. |
| | B) | Cognitive development does not universally happen in stages. |
| | C) | Piaget identified too many stages of development. |
| | D) | He did not take into account the age of the child when developing his theory. |
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| 9 | |
Temperament is best described as |
| | A) | a biologically based general style of reacting emotionally and behaviorally to the environment. |
| | B) | a learned way of reacting emotionally and behaviorally to the environment. |
| | C) | relatively unstable throughout childhood. |
| | D) | a factor not likely to influence parent-child interactions. |
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| 10 | |
Harry Harlow's study with the rhesus monkeys demonstrated that ________ is more important in fostering attachment than is the provision of nourishment. |
| | A) | a safe home |
| | B) | attachment to any mother |
| | C) | contact comfort |
| | D) | attachment to a sibling |
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| 11 | |
___________ is a deep emotional bond that develops between children and their primary caregivers. |
| | A) | Coupling |
| | B) | Imprinting |
| | C) | Attachment |
| | D) | Instinctual unification |
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| 12 | |
According to the strange situation, a securely attached infant will |
| | A) | demand the mother's attention when she is in the room. |
| | B) | be fearful when the mother is present. |
| | C) | seldom cry when the mother leaves and not seek contact when she returns. |
| | D) | explore the playroom and react positively to the mother's return. |
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| 13 | |
How can a child grow up well-adjusted in a divorced family? |
| | A) | By having amicable parents who remain emotionally close to their child whether or not they are the custodial parent. |
| | B) | By having one parent who stays emotionally involved with their child. |
| | C) | By having the parents remarry soon after the divorce. |
| | D) | It is not possible to grow up well-adjusted in a divorced family. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following parenting styles is generally associated with the most positive outcomes? |
| | A) | Indulgent |
| | B) | Authoritative |
| | C) | Neglectful |
| | D) | Authoritarian |
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| 15 | |
A limitation of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is |
| | A) | his theory does not focus on fairness and justice. |
| | B) | his theory reflects a Western cultural bias. |
| | C) | his theory does not include moral dilemmas. |
| | D) | his theory did not address different ages or stages of moral development. |
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| 16 | |
Antonio is an adolescent whose father is a dentist. Antonio just applied to dentistry school even though he would really love to teach high school science. Which of the following best describes Antonio's identity status? |
| | A) | Moratorium |
| | B) | Foreclosure |
| | C) | Identity achievement |
| | D) | Identity diffusion |
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| 17 | |
Edna is 73 years old and feels that she has had a complete and full life. According to Erikson, she is most likely in the stage of |
| | A) | integrity versus despair. |
| | B) | generativity versus stagnation. |
| | C) | intimacy versus isolation. |
| | D) | autonomy versus shame and doubt. |
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| 18 | |
Tom is looking for a marriage partner. What qualities should he look for in a spouse to minimize the likelihood of divorce? |
| | A) | A woman who is supportive and accepting of changes |
| | B) | A woman who shares his basic values |
| | C) | A woman who communicates well with others |
| | D) | All of these. |
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