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| 1 | Fungi are important ________, meaning they break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients. |
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| 2 | The basic structure of a fungus is the ________, a slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei enclosed by a cell wall. |
 | A) | septum |
| B) | haustorium |
| C) | hypha |
| D) | mold |
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| 3 | A ________ is a mass of hyphae that collectively make up an individual fungus. |
| A) | mycelium |
| B) | mushroom |
| C) | hypha |
| D) | mold |
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| 4 | Fungi are ________, meaning they secrete enzymes for extracellular digestion and then absorb the digested nutrients. |
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| 5 | Differentiate between saprophyte and parasite. |
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| 6 | The thin extensions of hyphae that penetrate living cells and absorb nutrients are called ________ and are found in many parasitic fungi. |
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| 7 | Fungal species with septa are coenocytic. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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Answer choices:
| | A) | mitosis with uneven distribution of cytoplasm
| | B) | mitotic production of haploid vegetative cells
| | C) | breaking of an organism into one or more pieces, each of which can develop into a new individual
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| 11 | List the four major phyla of Kingdom Fungi. |
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| 12 | Fungi have cell walls made of cellulose. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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Answer choices:
| | A) | sexual spores borne externally on club-shaped structures
| | B) | resistant, resting zygosporangia as sexual stage
| | C) | motile sperm with flagella
| | D) | sexual spores borne internally in sacs
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| 17 | ________ occurs when haploid cells from two fungal mating strains fuse their cytoplasms. |
| A) | Karyogamy |
| B) | Plasmogamy |
| C) | Syngamy |
| D) | Zygogamy |
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| 18 | ________ occurs when dikaryotic cells fuse their two nuclei to become a diploid zygote. |
| A) | Karyogamy |
| B) | Plasmogamy |
| C) | Syngamy |
| D) | Zygogamy |
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| 19 | In bread molds, hyphae are modified into ________ (holdfasts), ________ (connective hyphae), and ________ (upright filaments supporting asexual sporangia). |
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| 20 | During sexual reproduction in bread molds, the hyphae of + and – strains touch and form which appear as swellings. |
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| 21 | Ascomycetes reproduce asexually via modified hyphae called ________, which are chains of beadlike spores. |
| A) | gametangia |
| B) | sporangiophores |
| C) | basidiophores |
| D) | conidiophores |
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| 22 | Dikaryotic cells contain two haploid nuclei that are not fused. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 23 | In kingdom Fungi, the zygote is the only diploid stage. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 24 | A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between an ascomycete fungus and a photosynthetic ________. |
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| 25 | Describe two ways that fungi affect your life. |
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