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| 1 | Circle the correct answer. In phyla Pterophyta and Lycophyta, the dominant phase is the gametophyte / sporophyte. |
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| 2 | Phyla Pterophyta and Lycophyta have well-developed vascular tissue that includes xylem and phloem. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 3 | ________ are leaf-like structures of the sporophyte generation that bear spores in ferns. |
| A) | Prothallia |
| B) | Indusia |
| C) | Strobili |
| D) | Sporophylls |
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| 4 | On the underside of fern fronds are clusters of ________, within which meiosis occurs and spores are formed. |
| A) | prothallia |
| B) | sporangia |
| C) | strobili |
| D) | pinnae |
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| 5 | Unlike bryophytes, ferns do not require free water for fertilization. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 6 | Most ferns have sporangia aggregated into clusters called ________ on the undersides of their leaves. |
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| 7 | In ferns, sporangia may be protected by a shield-shaped _______. |
| A) | prothallia |
| B) | sporophyll |
| C) | indusium |
| D) | pinnae |
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| 8 | The heart-shaped gametophyte of ferns, called a ________, has rhizoids and female and male reproductive structures on its underside. |
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| 9 | On prothallia, globe-shaped ________ produce sperm and ase-shaped ________ produce eggs. |
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| 10 | Fronds of the growing sporophyte break through the soil in a coiled position called a ________. |
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| 11 | Most terrestrial ferns are ________, meaning they produce one kind of spore. |
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| 12 | ________ have jointed, ribbed stems, scale-like leaves arranged in whorls, and comprise one genus, Equisetum. |
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| 13 | ________ lack leaves and roots and bear lobed sporangia on stems. |
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| 14 | In horsetails and club mosses, sporangia occur in ________ that form at the tips of stems. |
| A) | strobili |
| B) | indusia |
| C) | cones |
| D) | capsules |
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| 15 | Club mosses possess true leaves, roots, and stems. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 16 | Circle the correct answer. Club mosses have microphylls / megaphylls. |
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| 17 | Quillworts have runner-like organs called ________ that are intermediate in structure between stems and roots. |
| A) | rhizomes |
| B) | rhizophores |
| C) | stolons |
| D) | stalks |