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| 1 | Define embryology. |
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| 2 | Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 3 | ________ is the structural and functional specialization of groups of cells. |
| A) | Cleavage |
| B) | Growth |
| C) | Differentiation |
| D) | Diffusion |
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| 4 | ________ is the development of pattern, shape, and form. |
| A) | Differentiation |
| B) | Morphogenesis |
| C) | Gastrulation |
| D) | Growth |
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| 5 | The sequence of early development is fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 6 | Define cleavage. |
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| 7 | Define gastrulation. |
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| 8 | Sea star eggs are , meaning that the small amount of their yolk is distributed evenly. |
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Answer choices:
| | A) | cleavage of the entire zygote
| | B) | fluid-filled cavity within a blastula
| | C) | ball of 16-32 cells
| | D) | cells that form a blastula
| | E) | a hollow sphere of many cells
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| 14 | During gastrulation, cells invaginate to form a cavity called a(n) ________. |
| A) | morula |
| B) | mesoderm |
| C) | archegonium |
| D) | archenteron |
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| 15 | The sequence of development in sea stars is morula, blastula, gastrula, larva, juvenile. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 16 | The outer layer of gastrula cells is the , which will give rise to the skin and nervous system. |
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| 17 | The inner layer of gastrula cells is the , which will give rise to the digestive tract. |
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| 18 | The is formed between the endoderm and the ectoderm and gives rise to muscular tissue and parts of the reproductive and circulatory systems. |
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| 19 | A frog egg is , meaning that the yolk is concentrated at one pole of the egg separate from the developing embryo. |
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Answer choices:
| | A) | patch of endodermal cells that remains exposed on the frog blastula
| | B) | a furrow in the midline of the blastodisc
| | C) | process during gastrulation when the embryo turns in on itself
| | D) | development of organs
| | E) | clear liquid surrounding the egg yolk
| | F) | disc-shaped, embryo-forming portion of the egg
| | G) | in chick embryos, a small area of cytoplasm containing the nucleus on yolk surface
| | H) | formation of the neural tube
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| 28 | List the four membranes of an amniotic egg. |
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| 29 | For each of the following structures identify gastrulation or cleavage as the stage of development associated with that structure.
a. involution
b. archenteron
c. blastodisc
d. morula
e. primitive streak
f. blastula |
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| 30 | In frogs, the fate of the blastopore is to give rise to the mouth. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 31 | The development of the three germ layers is the same for frog and chick embryos. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |