In this chapter you have learned the following:

• Why a speaker should analyze the audience.

• How audience characteristics affect a presentation.

• The demographic features of an audience include
• Gender
• Age
• Ethnicity
• Economic status
• Occupation
• Education

• Four methods of audience analysis that a speaker can use are
• Observation
• Informants
• Interviews
• Questionnaires

• Situational analysis includes
• The size of the audience
• The environment
• The occasion
• The time
• The importance of the situation

• The classroom audience is unique and useful to you.

• Audience adaptation is the goal of audience analysis.

• Speakers need to apply ethical principles to their audience analysis and adaptation.

• The importance of listening
• Essential to citizenship and civil society
• Essential to success in your public speaking course

• Becoming a better listener
• Suspend judgments.
• Regard the speaker as a source of valuable information.
• Concentrate on the speaker.
• Listen to the entire message.
• Focus on shared values and experiences.
• Focus on the main ideas.
• Focus on the intent of the message.
• Remove or ignore physical distractions.