| Authentic Cadence | A tonic triad preceded by some form of V or vii.
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| Cadence | The harmonic goal, specifically the chords used at the goal.
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| Conclusive Cadences | Includes authentic and plagal cadences.
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| Contrasting Period | A period in which the phrase beginnings are not similar.
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| Deceptive Cadence (DC) | Results when the ear expects a V-I authentic cadence but hears V-? instead. The ? is usually a submediant triad, but others are possible.
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| Double Period | Just like a period, except that each half of the structure consists of two phrases rather than just one.
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| Elision | When the last note of one phrase serves as the first note of the next phrase.
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| Half Cadence (HC) | A very common type of unstable or "progressive" cadence. The HC ends with a V chord, which can be preceded by any other chord.
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| Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC) | Any authentic cadence that is not a PAC.
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| Motive | The smallest identifiable musical idea.
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| Musical Form | The ways in which a composition is shaped to create a meaningful musical experience for the listener.
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| Parallel Period | When both phrases begin with similar or identical material, even if the material is embellished.
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| Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC) | Consists of a V-I (or V7 - I) progression, with both the V and I in root position and 1 in the melody over the I chord.
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| Period | When phrases are combined to form a larger structural unit.
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| Phrase | A relatively independent musical idea terminated by a cadence.
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| Phrase Group | Transitional passages that connect more significant thematic areas. They seem to belong together without forming a period or double period.
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| Phrygian Half Cadence | A special name give to the iv6-V HC in minor. The name refers to a cadence found in the period of modal polyphony (before 1600), but it does not imply that the music is actually in the Phrygian mode.
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| Plagal Cadence (PC) | Typically involves a IV-I progression.
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| Progressive Cadences | Includes deceptive and half cadences.
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| Repeated Phrase | When both phrases are identical.
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| Subphrase | A distinct portion of a phrase, but it is not a phrase either because it is not terminated by a cadence or because it seems too short to be relatively independent.
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| Three-Phrase Period | Has three different phrases - two antecedents and a consequent or one antecedent and two consequents, as determined by the cadences.
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