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| 1 | |
The estimated burden of disease caused by air, water, and land pollution is calculated in: |
| | A) | DALYs. |
| | B) | QALYs. |
| | C) | HALYs. |
| | D) | CYPs. |
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| 2 | |
An animated, interactive realm of plants, animals, and microorganisms inhabiting an area of the nonliving environment is a(n): |
| | A) | biomass. |
| | B) | ecozone. |
| | C) | ecosystem. |
| | D) | speciesism. |
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| 3 | |
All of the following statements about ecosystems are true EXCEPT: |
| | A) | they may be tiny and short-lived or vast and enduring. |
| | B) | they are home to multiple biospheres. |
| | C) | they produce food, fiber, and water. |
| | D) | they control flooding, pests, and disease. |
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| 4 | |
Nonpolluting economic growth that raises the standard of living without depleting the net resources of the earth is known as: |
| | A) | sustainable development. |
| | B) | deep ecology. |
| | C) | speciesism. |
| | D) | green development. |
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| 5 | |
The typical sequence of pollution development in developing countries is known as: |
| | A) | the sustainable development curve. |
| | B) | the linear progression curve. |
| | C) | the environmental Kuznets curve. |
| | D) | the Engel curve. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following statements about the environmental Kuznets curve is false? |
| | A) | As per capita GDP continues to rise, pollution reaches a peak and eventually decreases, even as GDP continues to rise. |
| | B) | Although not all studies have arrived at the same figures and not all pollutants studied trace an inverted U pattern, there is general support for the theory. |
| | C) | If the environmental Kuznets curve predicts the future, more economic growth will lead to steadily increasing levels of pollution. |
| | D) | It is represented as an inverted U-shaped curve. |
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| 7 | |
The belief that history is a narrative of improvement in which humanity moves from lower to higher levels of perfection is: |
| | A) | capitalism. |
| | B) | progress. |
| | C) | deep ecology. |
| | D) | utilitarianism. |
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| 8 | |
This theory states that humans are separate from nature because they have the power of reason and, unlike plants and animals, have souls. |
| | A) | Monism |
| | B) | Subjectivism |
| | C) | Relativism |
| | D) | Dualism |
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| 9 | |
All of the following statements about capitalism are true EXCEPT: |
| | A) | it is an economy in which private individuals and corporations own the means of production. |
| | B) | individuals motivated by the desire for profit compete in free markets under conditions of limited restraint by government. |
| | C) | it values nature primarily as an input into the production process. |
| | D) | it holds that humans are separate from nature because they have the power of reason. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following statements about dualism is true? |
| | A) | It is based on principles set forth by Adam Smith in 1776. |
| | B) | It valued nature primarily as a commodity to be used in wealth-creating activity. |
| | C) | It is the belief that history is a narrative of improvement in which humanity moves from lower to higher levels of perfection. |
| | D) | It reinforced the idea that humans were superior to and apart from nature. |
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| 11 | |
All of the following statements about utilitarianism are true EXCEPT: |
| | A) | it is the philosophy of the greatest good for the greatest number. |
| | B) | it was used to justify economic activity that assaulted nature. |
| | C) | it opened up avenues for Western societies to alternative, but less exploitive, views of nature. |
| | D) | it was an ethical worldview that rationalized the destructive side effects of commerce. |
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| 12 | |
An ethical theory that humans are part of a community that includes not only other human beings but all elements of the natural environment as well is: |
| | A) | land ethic. |
| | B) | utilitarianism. |
| | C) | situation ethic. |
| | D) | deep ecology. |
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| 13 | |
A theory that rejects human domination of nature and holds that humans have only equal rights with other species, not superior rights, is: |
| | A) | speciesism. |
| | B) | deep ecology. |
| | C) | dualism. |
| | D) | social ecology. |
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| 14 | |
Bias by humans toward members of their own species and prejudice against members of other species is: |
| | A) | dualism. |
| | B) | speciesism. |
| | C) | deep ecology. |
| | D) | utilitarianism. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following statements about EPA is true? |
| | A) | It is a legislative branch regulatory agency. |
| | B) | Its mission is to protect human health and to preserve the natural environment. |
| | C) | It enforces more than 40 statutes. |
| | D) | It is larger and lesser funded than the Department of State. |
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| 16 | |
These are six natural substances released in large quantities that cause substandard air quality. |
| | A) | Air toxics |
| | B) | Criteria pollutants |
| | C) | Greenhouse gases |
| | D) | Biological pollutants |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following pose the greatest health risks of all the criteria pollutants? |
| | A) | Particulates |
| | B) | Carbon monoxide gases |
| | C) | Ozone molecules |
| | D) | Volatile organic compounds |
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| 18 | |
The standard used by the EPA to control emissions of hazardous air pollutants is: |
| | A) | DALYs. |
| | B) | maximum achievable control technology. |
| | C) | emission standard. |
| | D) | QALYs. |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following statements about radon is false? |
| | A) | It is a colorless, odorless, nonradioactive gas found in the atmosphere. |
| | B) | It is a naturally occurring decay product of uranium. |
| | C) | It can build up to unnaturally high concentrations in confined spaces. |
| | D) | It is an indoor pollutant. |
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| 20 | |
Superfund is: |
| | A) | a fund generated using a permit system by the EPA to regulate effluents. |
| | B) | a permit specifying the amount to be paid by an industrial unit for pouring effluents into a water body. |
| | C) | a trust fund generated from special taxes on oil and chemical companies. |
| | D) | a program set up by the Clean Air Act of 1980 to clean up abandoned toxic waste sites. |
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