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| 1 | |
Anthony Wallace asserted that ritual |
| | A) | among primitive societies functions like a justice system. |
| | B) | creates cultural anxieties and fears. |
| | C) | is the primary phenomenon of religion. |
| | D) | serves a venting function as a symbolic reversal of the social order. |
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| 2 | |
Victor Turner's investigation into the liminal period is based upon the pioneering work of ________ ________ on rites of passage. |
| | A) | John Stuart Mill |
| | B) | Lloyd Warner |
| | C) | Arnold van Gennep |
| | D) | Dr. Mary Douglas |
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| 3 | |
Turner tell us all of the following about the Western term 'neophyte' except |
| | A) | A neophyte is what the Ndembu of Zambia refer to as 'mwadi.' |
| | B) | A neophyte is an elder who helps initiates through a rite of passage. |
| | C) | A neophyte is the structurally invisible liminal persona. |
| | D) | A neophyte stands in a relationship of structural equality to all other neophytes. |
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| 4 | |
The liminal period discussed by Turner |
| | A) | is the sacred time reserved for rituals. |
| | B) | creates a symbolic inversion of the archetypal paradigm. |
| | C) | is a transitional process between different states of social personhood. |
| | D) | is the same as van Gennep's 'aggregation' phase. |
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| 5 | |
Which type of female genital operation is both the most radical and the most prevalent in Sudan and Nubian Egypt? |
| | A) | Excision |
| | B) | Infibulation |
| | C) | Sunna |
| | D) | Clitoridectomy |
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| 6 | |
The complications of female genital operations are |
| | A) | usually only of serious concern in the immediacy of the operation. |
| | B) | varied, immediate, chronic, serious, long-term, painful, dangerous, psychological, and sometimes fatal, among other things. |
| | C) | almost completely eliminated when the operation is done in a sterile environment with anesthesia and antibiotics. |
| | D) | not as dangerous as childbirth. |
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| 7 | |
Who are the strongest proponents of female genital operations? |
| | A) | Women (grandmothers and mothers) |
| | B) | Islamic fundamentalist groups |
| | C) | Fathers (fathers and husbands) |
| | D) | The conservative governments of both Egypt and Sudan |
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| 8 | |
"Social puberty," marked by female genital operation, usually happens to Sudanese and some Egyptian girls between |
| | A) | birth and 5 years of age. |
| | B) | 5 and 9 years of age. |
| | C) | 10 and 15 years of age. |
| | D) | 15 and 19 years of age. |
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| 9 | |
The Japanese term mizuko refers to |
| | A) | memorial ceremonies. |
| | B) | sin. |
| | C) | a child who has died "out of order" before their parents. |
| | D) | honored ancestors. |
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| 10 | |
Although Harrison discusses many positions taken on the practice of mizuko kuyo, she places her primary focus on the meaning of the practice |
| | A) | as an official national stance. |
| | B) | for the thousands of lay practitioners. |
| | C) | as interpreted by Buddhist clergy. |
| | D) | as construed by the media. |
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| 11 | |
What evidence is there of the popular support for the practice of mizuko kuyo? |
| | A) | The popularity is evidenced in billboards and other media images. |
| | B) | The evidence is that a day has been set aside as a national holiday for observance of the practice. |
| | C) | There is little evidence because the practice has fallen out of fashion and the intricate flower creations left as tokens have long since decayed. |
| | D) | Child-like figurines lining pathways, shelves, and racks at temples across the country are evidence that tens of thousands of people (mostly women) have participated in the practice since the early 1970's. |
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| 12 | |
Miner notes that the Nacirema spend a large part of the fruits of their labors and a considerable portion of their day in ritual activity focused on |
| | A) | their triad of deities. |
| | B) | the human body. |
| | C) | the cycles of nature. |
| | D) | paying homage to ancestors. |
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| 13 | |
Daily body rituals are usually performed |
| | A) | in communal shrines at the center of each 'neighborhood.' |
| | B) | in private isolation in shrines set up in the family home. |
| | C) | in village temples at sunrise and sunset. |
| | D) | at midday by any nearby body of water. |
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