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| 1 | |
Two important characteristics of the first hominids were |
| | A) | bipedal locomotion and large brains |
| | B) | bipedal locomotion and small brains |
| | C) | quadrupedal locomotion and large brains |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 2 | |
The earliest hominids lived in |
| | A) | Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe |
| | B) | Africa and Asia |
| | C) | Africa |
| | D) | North America and Europe |
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| 3 | |
Early hominids dating to between 6 and 3 Ma are considered primitive because |
| | A) | they were not bipedal |
| | B) | they possessed many ancestral characteristics common to all hominoids |
| | C) | they were not as complex as later hominids |
| | D) | they had larger brains than the common ancestor |
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| 4 | |
Which list of hominids places them in correct chronological order of appearance? |
| | A) | afarensis, Ardipithecus ramidus, anamensis |
| | B) | Homo, boisei, robustus |
| | C) | Ardipithecus ramidus, anamensis, Orrorin tugenensis |
| | D) | Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus ramidus, anamensis |
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| 5 | |
The fossil specimen nicknamed "Lucy" is an example of what species? |
| | A) | Ardipithecus ramidus |
| | B) | Australopithecus afarensis |
| | C) | Australopithecus aethiopicus |
| | D) | Kenyanthropus platyops |
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| 6 | |
The fossil footprints at Laetoli show clear bipedal characteristics. These include |
| | A) | nondivergent big toe |
| | B) | heel strike |
| | C) | well-developed arch |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 7 | |
The teeth of A. afarensis appear intermediate between ape and human teeth because |
| | A) | there is no diastema |
| | B) | they have large, projecting canines |
| | C) | their lower premolars are bicuspid, with one cusp larger than the other |
| | D) | there is no diastema AND their lower premolars are bicuspid, with one cusp larger than the other |
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| 8 | |
Kenyanthropus platyops, dating to between 4 and 3 Ma, has a number of derived features as well as primitive ones. The derived features include |
| | A) | small molars |
| | B) | small ear hole |
| | C) | small brain |
| | D) | jutting lower face |
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| 9 | |
The skulls of robust australopithecines are massively built with huge premolars and molars, large, flaring zygomatic arches, and a sagital crest along the top of the skull. These features are all adapted to |
| | A) | fighting |
| | B) | hunting |
| | C) | chewing |
| | D) | reproduction |
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| 10 | |
What is a distinctive feature of A. aethiopicus ? |
| | A) | it is the youngest known robust australopithecine |
| | B) | it has primitive traits similar to A.afarensis |
| | C) | It is found only in South Africa |
| | D) | it is the youngest known robust australopithecine and it has primitive traits similar to A.afarensis |
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| 11 | |
The bones with scratches found at Swartkrans in South Africa have been interpreted as digging tools. These tools are associated with what hominid species? |
| | A) | A. robustus |
| | B) | A. boisei |
| | C) | A. anamensis |
| | D) | A. afarensis |
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| 12 | |
The most probable candidate for a direct human ancestor is |
| | A) | A. robustus |
| | B) | A. boisei |
| | C) | A. garhi |
| | D) | A. robustus OR A. boisei |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is currently an unresolved question about evolutionary relationships? |
| | A) | Which early hominid is ancestral to later hominids? |
| | B) | Did all the robust australopithecines have a common ancestor? |
| | C) | How is K. platyops related to other hominids? |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 14 | |
A basic fact used in reconstructing the origin of bipedalism is |
| | A) | the common ancestor of African apes and humans was bipedal |
| | B) | humans are bipedal and African apes are all knuckle walkers |
| | C) | the common ancestor of African apes and humans was a knuckle walker |
| | D) | the common ancestor of African apes and humans was neither bipedal nor a knuckle walker |
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| 15 | |
The hypothesis explaining the origin of bipedalism proposed by Darwin states that standing upright allowed hominids to carry tools with their hands. A problem with this theory is |
| | A) | bipedalism evolved 3.5 million years before tool use |
| | B) | bipedalism evolved as a strategy for carrying food back to the group |
| | C) | hominids developed containers to carry tools |
| | D) | bipedalism evolved as a means for efficient locomotion in searching for food |
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| 16 | |
How many hominid species do we have evidence for from Africa between 6 million and 1 million years ago? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 or 4 |
| | D) | 11 |
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| 17 | |
The location of the foramen magnum in the skull provides evidence to reconstruct what aspect of an organism? |
| | A) | diet |
| | B) | social groupings |
| | C) | posture and locomotion |
| | D) | Intelligence |
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| 18 | |
The robust australopithecines are not considered possible ancestors to modern humans because they have which derived characteristics that modern humans do not share? |
| | A) | bipedalism |
| | B) | large brains |
| | C) | tool use |
| | D) | large teeth |
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| 19 | |
Stone tools used to butcher animals and break open bones for marrow have been found with which species? |
| | A) | A. garhi |
| | B) | Ardipithecus ramidus |
| | C) | H. habilis |
| | D) | A. garhi and H. habilis |
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| 20 | |
During the Late Miocene in Africa when bipedalism arose, the climate became |
| | A) | cooler and drier |
| | B) | hotter and wetter |
| | C) | more lush and forested |
| | D) | none of these |
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