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| 1 | |
A mode of evolutionary change where a single species exists at any given point in time, but evolves over a period of time is known as |
| | A) | microevolution |
| | B) | convergence |
| | C) | anagenesis |
| | D) | unistasis |
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| 2 | |
The biological species concept defines species in terms of |
| | A) | appearance |
| | B) | evolutionary history |
| | C) | geography |
| | D) | reproductive capability |
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| 3 | |
Branching evolution, where new species branch off from an original species, is known as |
| | A) | cladogenesis |
| | B) | anagenesis |
| | C) | speciation |
| | D) | gradualism |
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| 4 | |
Reproductive isolation followed by genetic divergence leads to the formation of new species. This genetic divergence is caused by |
| | A) | mutation |
| | B) | genetic drift |
| | C) | natural selection |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 5 | |
Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two models for evolutionary change. They describe what aspect of evolution? |
| | A) | tempo |
| | B) | causal factors |
| | C) | environment |
| | D) | tempo AND environment |
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| 6 | |
One possible cause for the extinction of a species is |
| | A) | genetic variation within the species |
| | B) | rapid ecological change |
| | C) | reproductive isolation |
| | D) | genetic variation within the species AND reproductive isolation |
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| 7 | |
The age of a biological structure does not affect its relative usefulness to an organism. This refutes what common misconception? |
| | A) | bigger is better |
| | B) | newer is better |
| | C) | natural selection always works |
| | D) | there is an inevitable direction in evolution |
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| 8 | |
Evolution often involves nonlinear change, and sometimes reversals in trends rather than continuation in a given direction. This principle refutes what common misconception? |
| | A) | bigger is better |
| | B) | newer is better |
| | C) | natural selection always works |
| | D) | there is an inevitable direction in evolution |
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| 9 | |
Evolutionary change always has costs and benefits, and a characteristic will have both adaptive and nonadaptive aspects. This refutes what common misconception? |
| | A) | bigger is better |
| | B) | newer is better |
| | C) | natural selection always works |
| | D) | there is an inevitable direction in evolution |
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| 10 | |
The human appendix is an example of which misconception? |
| | A) | natural selection always produces perfect structures |
| | B) | all structures are adaptive |
| | C) | current structures always reflect initial adaptations |
| | D) | there is an inevitable direction in evolution |
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| 11 | |
Traits that have changed from an ancestral state are referred to as |
| | A) | primitive traits |
| | B) | derived traits |
| | C) | modified traits |
| | D) | adaptive traits |
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| 12 | |
The common characteristic of flight between both birds and flies is due to |
| | A) | homology |
| | B) | homoplasy |
| | C) | convergent evolution |
| | D) | homoplasy and convergent evolution |
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| 13 | |
Different physical forms along a single evolutionary line given different species names out of convenience are referred to as |
| | A) | infraorder |
| | B) | chronospecies |
| | C) | dendroforms |
| | D) | neospecies |
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| 14 | |
Neither modern apes nor modern humans have tails. Monkeys do. If modern monkeys are compared to modern apes, the apes lack of a tail is |
| | A) | a primitive trait |
| | B) | a derived trait |
| | C) | cladistics |
| | D) | homology |
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| 15 | |
According to cladistics, which classifies species according to evolutionary relationships, two groups would be placed in the same taxonomic category if they |
| | A) | have overall similarity of traits |
| | B) | share the same mating behavior |
| | C) | share primitive traits |
| | D) | share derived traits |
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| 16 | |
A school of thought that considers all homologous traits, whether primitive or derived, when classifying organisms into taxonomic groups is known as |
| | A) | evolutionary systematics |
| | B) | cladistics |
| | C) | kin selection |
| | D) | natural selection |
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| 17 | |
Examining the fossil record and discovering that 99 percent of all past species are extinct demonstrates the misconception |
| | A) | newer is better |
| | B) | natural selection always works |
| | C) | there is an inevitable direction to evolution |
| | D) | bigger is better |
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| 18 | |
The biological species concept states that |
| | A) | two organisms are from the same species if they are capable of breeding naturally |
| | B) | two organisms are from the same species if they can produce offspring |
| | C) | two organisms are from the same species if they are capable of breeding naturally and producing fertile offspring |
| | D) | two organisms are from the same species if they can produce fertile offspring |
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| 19 | |
The forelimbs of a human, whale, and bird possess the same limb bones. Although the bones are used differently, the bones show a structural correspondence illustrating |
| | A) | homoplasy |
| | B) | orthogenesis |
| | C) | homology |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 20 | |
The formation of many new species following the availability of new environments is known as |
| | A) | gradualism |
| | B) | adaptive radiation |
| | C) | punctuated equilibrium |
| | D) | natural selection |
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