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| 1 | |
Although humans originally evolved in a tropical environment, their current habitat is |
| | A) | all over the world except the Antarctic |
| | B) | temperate areas |
| | C) | all over the world |
| | D) | all over the world except underwater |
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| 2 | |
The unique feature about human brain as compared to the brains of other animals is that |
| | A) | human brains are larger |
| | B) | humans have the largest brain to body size ratio |
| | C) | human brains are smaller |
| | D) | human brains have proportionately more cerebral cortex |
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| 3 | |
When compared to other primates, the human brain is about ______ times larger than expected based on body size. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 3 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | 5 |
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| 4 | |
A distinguishing characteristic between apes and humans is that humans |
| | A) | are bipedal |
| | B) | eat a variety of foods |
| | C) | live in social groups |
| | D) | have canine teeth |
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| 5 | |
A feature of human anatomy adapted for bipedalism is |
| | A) | nondivergent big toe |
| | B) | inward slope of femur from hip to knee |
| | C) | vertical spine |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 6 | |
Humans typically have sex in the "missionary position" (face to face) while other primates do not because |
| | A) | it is the most fun |
| | B) | due to the human pelvic structure it is the most comfortable position |
| | C) | humans do not typically use this position; it is one of a variety of positions used by humans |
| | D) | this position evolved to increase emotional bonds between males and females |
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| 7 | |
Hypotheses proposed to explain large breast size in human females include what function? |
| | A) | they attract males to the females' front |
| | B) | storage of fat for times of food shortage |
| | C) | insulation against cool nights, as a replacement for dense hair |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 8 | |
The most common stated family group preference for human societies is ___________ and the most common type in practice is ___________. |
| | A) | polygyny, monogamy |
| | B) | monogamy, monogamy |
| | C) | monogamy, polyandry |
| | D) | polyandry, polygyny |
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| 9 | |
The five basic stages in postnatal human development are |
| | A) | zygote, embryo, fetus, infancy, childhood |
| | B) | infancy, childhood, juvenile stage, adolescence, adulthood |
| | C) | infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age |
| | D) | childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age, senility |
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| 10 | |
The part of human anatomy that grows to full size earliest and most quickly is |
| | A) | the brain |
| | B) | the reproductive system |
| | C) | the limbs |
| | D) | height and weight |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is not an existing hypothesis to explain the existence of menopause in humans? |
| | A) | it is more adaptive for an older woman to invest in her grandchildren than to reproduce to the end of her life |
| | B) | it is more adaptive for a woman to invest in existing children than to reproduce to the end of her life |
| | C) | it evolved in polygynous societies where younger wives would continue to reproduce |
| | D) | it is a byproduct of the extension of the human lifespan past the limit of the female egg supply |
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| 12 | |
Chimpanzee termite fishing is an example of |
| | A) | tool use by nonhuman primates |
| | B) | tool manufacture by nonhuman primates |
| | C) | a non-cultural behavior |
| | D) | tool use by nonhuman primates AND tool manufacture by nonhuman primates |
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| 13 | |
The study by Whiten and colleagues (1999) showing that certain chimpanzee behaviors were common in some communities but not species-wide, demonstrated what principle? |
| | A) | chimpanzee communities live in different types of environments |
| | B) | chimpanzees engage in cultural behavior |
| | C) | chimpanzees pass on behaviors to chimpanzees in other communities |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 14 | |
When the chimpanzee Lucy signed "drink" and "fruit" to refer to a watermelon she performed a behavior once thought to be unique to humans. This behavior was |
| | A) | recognition of fruit species |
| | B) | teaching signs to other chimpanzees |
| | C) | generalizing signs and creating new ones |
| | D) | foraging for food |
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| 15 | |
Apes cannot learn to speak the English language because |
| | A) | their brains are not sufficiently complex |
| | B) | their vocal anatomy makes this impossible |
| | C) | they are not interested in learning a human language |
| | D) | they cannot communicate vocally |
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| 16 | |
Differences in brain size among humans are significantly linked to |
| | A) | differences in IQ scores |
| | B) | differences in body size |
| | C) | differences in metabolism |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 17 | |
One anatomical feature that allows animals to grasp and climb with their feet is |
| | A) | bipedalism |
| | B) | inward-sloping femur |
| | C) | the divergent big toe of nonhuman hominoids |
| | D) | curved spine |
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| 18 | |
The positioning of leg muscles to the sides of the shallow, bowl-shaped human pelvis is an adaptation to |
| | A) | arboreal living |
| | B) | bipedalism |
| | C) | childbirth |
| | D) | hunting and foraging |
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| 19 | |
The social group type of all humans is known as |
| | A) | polygyny |
| | B) | polyandry |
| | C) | monogamy |
| | D) | varied |
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| 20 | |
Two ape species which have been observed using tools are |
| | A) | orangutans and chimpanzees |
| | B) | gorillas and gibbons |
| | C) | chimpanzees and baboons |
| | D) | gorillas and tarsiers |
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