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| 1 | |
The tree shrew is a modern mammal that is arboreal, nocturnal, and eats insects. It is descended from a group known as insectivores that was possibly a close ancestor of |
| | A) | humans |
| | B) | apes |
| | C) | reptiles |
| | D) | primates |
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| 2 | |
Fossils of primate-like mammals from 55 million years ago have been found in both North America and Europe. This widespread distribution is best explained by |
| | A) | continental drift |
| | B) | rafting of mammals |
| | C) | parallel evolution |
| | D) | mutation |
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| 3 | |
Primate-like mammals are considered relatives of primate ancestors because of their |
| | A) | lack of a postorbital bar |
| | B) | eyes located on the sides of the skull |
| | C) | grasping ability |
| | D) | claws |
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| 4 | |
Two groups of primitive primates arose during the Eocene. They had features that are considered to be generally similar to some living groups. The primitive diurnal leaf eaters are similar to modern ___________ and the primitive nocturnal fruit eaters are similar to modern ___________. |
| | A) | anthropoids, hominoids |
| | B) | prosimians, primates |
| | C) | lemurs/lorises, tarsiers |
| | D) | hominoids, hominids |
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| 5 | |
The arboreal model for primate evolution states that grasping hands evolved as an adaptation to |
| | A) | hunting insects |
| | B) | living in trees |
| | C) | eating fruit |
| | D) | living in trees AND eating fruit |
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| 6 | |
The reduced snout in Oligocene anthropoids represents |
| | A) | reduced reliance on smell |
| | B) | increased reliance on vision |
| | C) | increased reliance on smell |
| | D) | reduced reliance on smell AND increased reliance on vision |
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| 7 | |
The hypothesis of parallel evolution of Old World and New World monkeys is not likely because |
| | A) | scientists have found rafts used by monkeys to get from Africa to South America |
| | B) | Old and New World monkeys are too different |
| | C) | Old and New World monkeys are too similar |
| | D) | scientists have found rafts used by monkeys to get from Africa to South America AND Old and New World monkeys are too different |
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| 8 | |
According to the molecular dating method, if species A and B are genetically one-tenth as different from each other as they are from species C, and A and B split from each other 10 million years ago, then C split from the ancestor of A and B _______ million years ago. |
| | A) | 1 Ma |
| | B) | 10 Ma |
| | C) | 100 Ma |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 9 | |
During the Miocene epoch, there were many more species of apes than species of monkeys. Today the reverse is true. What is a possible reason for the decline in ape diversity over time? |
| | A) | apes have a slow reproduction rate |
| | B) | apes are more subject to natural selection pressure than monkeys |
| | C) | apes are more severely affected by environmental changes |
| | D) | apes have a slow reproduction rate and apes are more severely affected by environmental changes |
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| 10 | |
An example of a Miocene hominoid whose derived features disqualify it from being an ancestor of any modern hominoid is |
| | A) | Proconsul |
| | B) | Gigantopithecus |
| | C) | Sivapithecus |
| | D) | Afropithecus |
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| 11 | |
Ouranopithecus and Dryopithecusrepresent a group of hominoids that most likely contained |
| | A) | the common ancestor of African apes and hominids |
| | B) | the first hominid (human) ancestor |
| | C) | the ancestor of orangutans, after divergence from other apes |
| | D) | the ancestor of chimpanzees, after divergence from humans |
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| 12 | |
In general, identification of the Miocene hominoid forms from fossil evidence |
| | A) | consists of dental and cranial materials |
| | B) | lacks postcranial fossil evidence |
| | C) | shows more generalized characteristics, different from modern apes |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 13 | |
During the early Miocene, the first hominoids were primitive and represent a link between |
| | A) | monkeys and apes |
| | B) | apes and hominids |
| | C) | African apes and Asian apes |
| | D) | derived monkeys and derived apes |
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| 14 | |
Proconsul is an early Miocene hominoid that appears to have evolutionary significance because |
| | A) | the skeletal structure of Proconsul shows a mixture of monkey and ape features |
| | B) | Proconsul, like modern apes and humans, did not have a tail |
| | C) | Proconsul's teeth demonstrated that these forms were hominoid |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 15 | |
The adaptive radiation of mammals and their expansion were related to which global factors? |
| | A) | climatic cooling |
| | B) | encroaching Ice Age |
| | C) | continental drift |
| | D) | climatic cooling and continental drift |
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| 16 | |
It is believed that anthropoids first evolved in |
| | A) | Asia |
| | B) | Africa |
| | C) | North America |
| | D) | it is still not known |
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| 17 | |
Testing models of primate origins involves their prediction for the sequence of evolution of which of the following? |
| | A) | the evolution of grasping hands and stereoscopic vision |
| | B) | the grasping/leaping model |
| | C) | the visual predation model |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 18 | |
Carpolestes simpsoni is an important discovery because |
| | A) | it was a primate-like mammal that lived in Wyoming 56 million to 55 million years ago |
| | B) | it had a foot adapted for grasping and an opposable big toe |
| | C) | it represents an intermediate morphology between primitive primate-like mammals and true primates |
| | D) | all of these |
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