Neither visions of empire nor dreams of utopia were fulfilled during the first century of settlement in the American South. Spanish visions of fortune in New Mexico and Florida dissipated into the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and South Carolina slave raids on Spanish outposts in Florida. Instead of becoming havens for the English poor and unemployed, models of interracial harmony, or even feudal estates dominated by the unquestioned authority of aristocrats, the British colonies of the Southeast were weakened by disease, wracked by recurring conflicts both with native Americans and among white settlers, and disrupted by profit-hungry planters' exploitation of poor whites, Indians, and blacks. By 1700, any degree of stability and independence in these colonies occurred only through the use of African slaves as a primary source of cheap labor.