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| 1 |  |  What role did cultural diffusion play in the early development of Western civilization? |
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| 2 |  |  What environmental advantages did the ancient Middle East have that permitted the growth of agriculture and cities? What disadvantages did the Middle East have? |
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| 3 |  |  Why was agriculture a key step for the beginnings of Western civilization? Why did it lead to differentiation within societies? |
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| 4 |  |  Why did Sumerians develop a highly organized society? What was the role of religion in the organization of Sumerian society? |
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| 5 |  |  Why did writing develop in Sumerian civilization? What uses was it put to? How did those uses change over time? Why is record-keeping important for Western civilization? |
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| 6 |  |  Compare the religious outlooks of Egyptians and Sumerians. How can we explain the differences? |
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| 7 |  |  What made some Egyptian rulers successful? Why did others fail? |
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| 8 |  |  Why was the Phoenician alphabet such an important contribution to Western civilization? |
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| 9 |  |  How were the Jews able to maintain their integrity while being part of a Diaspora? |
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| 10 |  |  How did cultural diffusion and the achievements of preceding cultures shape Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian cultures? What were the strengths and weaknesses of each empire? |
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| 11 |  |  Why is the Persian Empire considered the culmination of the Middle Eastern phase of Western civilization? |
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