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| 1 | |
What was Doña Marina's role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs? |
| | A) | She unwittingly infected many of her people with smallpox. |
| | B) | She betrayed the secret entrance to Tenochtitlan. |
| | C) | She bore Cortés a child, who would bring unity between both peoples. |
| | D) | She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter. |
| | E) | She was the first Catholic convert. |
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| 2 | |
The first indigenous people that the Spanish empire dispossessed of their lands and forced into labor were the |
| | A) | Aztecs. |
| | B) | Incas. |
| | C) | Iroquois. |
| | D) | Maya. |
| | E) | Tainos. |
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| 3 | |
The labor system that compelled Indians to work in Spanish mines and fields in exchange for protection and Christian conversion was known as |
| | A) | the encomienda system. |
| | B) | the hacienda. |
| | C) | slavery. |
| | D) | indentured servitude. |
| | E) | the repartimiento system. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following was not a significant factor in Cortés's defeat of the Aztec empire? |
| | A) | superior Spanish technology, especially swords, muskets, cannons, and horses. |
| | B) | a devastating smallpox epidemic. |
| | C) | the inadequate defenses of Tenochtitlan. |
| | D) | the resentment of many indigenous peoples to Aztec rule. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 5 | |
In colonial governments, the power of the Spanish viceroy was kept in check by the authority of |
| | A) | the Catholic church. |
| | B) | the audiencias. |
| | C) | the colonial legislature. |
| | D) | the Spanish crown. |
| | E) | the colonial militias. |
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| 6 | |
How did Portugal gain an empire in Brazil? |
| | A) | Portuguese mariners were first to explore the Amazon basin. |
| | B) | The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to divide the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal, unintentionally granted Brazil to Portugal. |
| | C) | Initially, the Spanish had no interest in South America. |
| | D) | The Indians of Brazil successfully resisted Spanish invaders. |
| | E) | None of the answers are correct. |
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| 7 | |
The English settlements in North America grew slowly at first because |
| | A) | of the large, densely populated Indian communities that dominated the coast. |
| | B) | the first English settlements did not prepare sufficient food crops. |
| | C) | the colonies did not produce commodities that Europeans were eager to buy. |
| | D) | the English government did not support or protect the colonies. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 8 | |
One significant difference in the administration of English colonies compared to their Spanish counterparts was |
| | A) | the Spanish crown was less actively involved in the government of their colonies. |
| | B) | English governors were elected directly by the colonists, while Spanish viceroys were appointed by the crown. |
| | C) | Spanish colonies had powerful local assemblies, while the English did not. |
| | D) | English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs. |
| | E) | the Church played a greater role in the administration of Spanish colonies. |
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| 9 | |
How did European settlers in North America legally justify seizing lands from native North American peoples? |
| | A) | The settlers negotiated treaties. |
| | B) | Because the Indians were not Christian, they had no right to the land. |
| | C) | Because the Indians were hunters and gatherers rather than farmers, their claims to the land were not considered valid. |
| | D) | The settlers established squatters' rights on unoccupied lands. |
| | E) | By defeating the Indians in battle, the English and French claimed the land as a spoil of war. |
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| 10 | |
A mestizo is |
| | A) | a person born in Spain who immigrated to the New World. |
| | B) | a person of Spanish descent born in the New World. |
| | C) | a person of mixed Spanish and Indian descent. |
| | D) | a person of mixed African and Indian descent. |
| | E) | a person of mixed Spanish and African descent. |
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| 11 | |
Criollos differed from peninsulares only in that |
| | A) | they were born in the western hemisphere and not the eastern hemisphere. |
| | B) | their mothers were part Indian. |
| | C) | they had no land and were economically dependent. |
| | D) | they had not yet been baptized in the Catholic church. |
| | E) | they were indentured servants while peninsulares were free. |
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| 12 | |
The most valuable commodity for the Spanish in the Americas was |
| | A) | minerals like silver and gold. |
| | B) | sugar and rum. |
| | C) | tobacco. |
| | D) | furs. |
| | E) | timber. |
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| 13 | |
How did the mining industries of the Americas stimulate global economic growth? |
| | A) | Mining increased the demand for labor, sparking the growth of an Indian middle class. |
| | B) | Mineral ores from Mexico provided the raw materials for European manufacturing. |
| | C) | The sale of slaves to the mines by the Portuguese resulted in the Portuguese spending their wealth throughout Europe and Africa. |
| | D) | The Spanish quinto circulated throughout European and Asian markets. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is not true of the mita system? |
| | A) | It was used by the Spanish at Potosi. |
| | B) | It had been used by the Inca. |
| | C) | It was a form of slavery in that workers were not paid. |
| | D) | It led to high rates of death among workers. |
| | E) | It affected a large portion of the indigenous population. |
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| 15 | |
The labor system that dominated on haciendas of Spanish America was |
| | A) | indentured servitude. |
| | B) | slavery. |
| | C) | the mita system. |
| | D) | the encomienda system. |
| | E) | wage labor. |
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| 16 | |
Why did the production of sugar differ from that of other agricultural commodities of the western hemisphere? |
| | A) | Sugar production was particularly hard on the environment. |
| | B) | Sugarcane required extensive processing to turn it into a profitable export. |
| | C) | African slaves were the only ones who knew how to grow sugarcane. |
| | D) | Sugar was extremely profitable with very little investment. |
| | E) | It was only possible to grow in Brazil, and it had an extremely short growing season. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following was not a typical result of the North American fur trade? |
| | A) | intense competition and even warfare between indigenous peoples for European trade. |
| | B) | intense competition between French, Dutch, and English fur traders. |
| | C) | the decimation of the beaver population in North America. |
| | D) | hostile relations between European traders and Native American trappers. |
| | E) | the introduction of European manufactured goods to indigenous peoples. |
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| 18 | |
Indentured servants who worked off their contracts in the colonies often |
| | A) | returned disappointed to Europe. |
| | B) | hoped to become wealthy plantation-owners. |
| | C) | hoped to become active in the politics of the colonies. |
| | D) | hoped to become independent artisans or planters. |
| | E) | remained in debt for many years. |
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| 19 | |
Why were the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica and South America more likely to accept Christianity than the peoples of North America were? |
| | A) | Mesoamerican and South American Indians found many similarities between their religions and Catholicism. |
| | B) | North American Indians were more geographically scattered and so harder for missionaries to reach. |
| | C) | Catholic missionaries in Spanish America were more tolerant of native cultures than were the Protestant missionaries in North America. |
| | D) | Catholic rule in the New World was more generous and enlightened than the English or the French rule. |
| | E) | None of the answers are correct. |
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| 20 | |
The first explorers to Australia were not interested in settlement because |
| | A) | the first explorers were driven away by hostile aborigines. |
| | B) | the first explorers could not sail across the Great Barrier Reef. |
| | C) | the land appeared too densely forested to settle easily. |
| | D) | it was too far from European markets. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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