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| 1 | |
Sunni Ali's administration of the Songhay was strengthened by |
| | A) | a system of provincial governors. |
| | B) | an effective chain of military command. |
| | C) | an imperial navy to patrol the Niger River. |
| | D) | the profitable trans-Saharan traffic. |
| | E) | all of these. |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following was not conquered or defeated by the Portuguese? |
| | A) | Angola. |
| | B) | Kilwa. |
| | C) | Kongo. |
| | D) | Songhay. |
| | E) | Zimbabwe. |
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| 3 | |
Although relations between Portugal and the Kongo were initially friendly, the Kongo was ultimately destroyed because |
| | A) | the royal family resisted the efforts of Catholic missionaries. |
| | B) | the Kongo had no trade goods of any value to the Europeans. |
| | C) | King Afonso converted to Islam. |
| | D) | Portuguese slave traders undermined the authority of the kings. |
| | E) | all of these. |
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| 4 | |
Queen Nzinga resisted the Portuguese conquest of Angola by |
| | A) | marriage to Dutch aristocracy. |
| | B) | mobilizing military resistance to the Portuguese. |
| | C) | entering into a trading alliance with Portugal. |
| | D) | forging a military alliance with neighboring Kongo. |
| | E) | none of these. |
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| 5 | |
The indigenous religions of sub-Saharan African were essentially |
| | A) | polytheistic, recognizing numerous local gods as well as a single creator god. |
| | B) | monotheistic, worshiping a supreme creator. |
| | C) | messianic, worshipping a personal savior. |
| | D) | universal, affirming that all religions are essentially the same. |
| | E) | syncretic, taking the best from a variety of religions. |
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| 6 | |
An example of a syncretic cult combining elements of Christianity and African beliefs is |
| | A) | the Antonian movment. |
| | B) | the Coptic Church. |
| | C) | the Fulani movement. |
| | D) | King Afonso. |
| | E) | all of these. |
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| 7 | |
One significant difference between the Portuguese settlement of Angola and the Dutch settlement of Cape Town was that |
| | A) | the Dutch had better relations with the local Africans. |
| | B) | the Portuguese had better relations with the local Africans. |
| | C) | the Portuguese came to Angola as traders while in South Africa the Dutch settled on the land as farmers. |
| | D) | the Portuguese sent farmers to Angola, while the Dutch came to South Africa primarily as merchants and traders. |
| | E) | the Khoikhoi resisted Dutch colonization, while the people of Angola accepted Portuguese rule without resistance. |
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| 8 | |
In spite of the ravages of the slave trade, the population of Africa actually increased in the eighteenth century due to |
| | A) | European settlement of Africa. |
| | B) | resettlement of Asian workers in parts of Africa. |
| | C) | the introduction of new staple foods from the Americas. |
| | D) | improved health and life expectancy. |
| | E) | the cessation of intertribal warfare in Africa. |
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| 9 | |
Factors in the decline of slavery included all of the following except |
| | A) | the anti-slavery movement. |
| | B) | the frequency of slave revolts. |
| | C) | the declining profitability of slaves. |
| | D) | the realization that wage labor in factories was cheaper that slave labor on plantations. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 10 | |
All of the following are characteristics of slavery in Africa except |
| | A) | slaves in Africa had opportunities to earn their freedom. |
| | B) | slaves in Africa were the primary source of wealth and power. |
| | C) | slaves in Africa were frequently assimilated into their owners' kinship groups. |
| | D) | slaves in Africa had certain civil rights and could appeal to the law for justice. |
| | E) | occasionally slaves worked as soldiers or as advisors. |
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| 11 | |
The Portuguese slave trade began in the mid-fifteenth century with Portuguese raiders capturing African men and selling them in Europe. How had this trade changed by the mid-sixteenth century? |
| | A) | Portuguese raiders captured slaves and sold them in the Americas. |
| | B) | Portuguese raiders captured slaves and sold them to British merchants. |
| | C) | The Portuguese no longer participated in the slave trade. |
| | D) | Portuguese merchants bought slaves from African raiders and sold them to Europe and the Americas. |
| | E) | The Portuguese bought slaves from Dutch raiders and sold them in the Americas. |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following could not be a leg of the triangular trans-Atlantic trade? |
| | A) | African slaves delivered to the Americas. |
| | B) | Barbados rum sold to England. |
| | C) | Mexican silver delivered to Manila. |
| | D) | manufactured goods sold to Africans. |
| | E) | Barbados rum sold to North America. |
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| 13 | |
African slaves were in demand for the New World because |
| | A) | so many Native Americans died from imported diseases. |
| | B) | native peoples frequently escaped into the hinterlands. |
| | C) | sugar plantations in the Caribbean required considerable labor. |
| | D) | Spanish and Portuguese conquerors disdained manual labor. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 14 | |
The middle passage of the slave trade was |
| | A) | the forced march of slaves through central Africa from their homelands. |
| | B) | the holding pens where African captives were held before sale to plantation owners. |
| | C) | the ship voyage across the Atlantic in the cargo decks. |
| | D) | the public auction of slaves in the Caribbean. |
| | E) | None of the answers are correct. |
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| 15 | |
Olaudah Equiano's experience contributed to the abolishment of slavery because he |
| | A) | served as a legal representative for slaves in the United States. |
| | B) | established the underground railroad. |
| | C) | returned to Africa as a Christian missionary. |
| | D) | exposed the horrors of slavery, particularly the middle passage, to a European audience. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 16 | |
Slavery's impact on Africa |
| | A) | fell most heavily on the societies of west Africa. |
| | B) | was limited to the eastern shores of Africa. |
| | C) | was felt on the entire continent. |
| | D) | was barely noticeable by the end of the eighteenth century due to demographic growth. |
| | E) | was offset by the advances that came with European trade. |
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| 17 | |
Most African slaves went |
| | A) | to the tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas. |
| | B) | to tobacco plantations on Chesapeake Bay. |
| | C) | to rice and sugar plantations in the southern United States. |
| | D) | to the silver mines of Mexico and Peru. |
| | E) | to work as domestic servants in upper-class homes throughout the New World. |
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| 18 | |
On the plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil, slaves |
| | A) | thrived because climate and diet were similar to Africa. |
| | B) | suffered heavy losses due to tropical diseases and brutal conditions. |
| | C) | quickly intermarried with the indigenous populations. |
| | D) | formed families and re-created kinship ties similar to those in Africa. |
| | E) | None of the answers are correct. |
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| 19 | |
Maroons were |
| | A) | slaves who had intermarried with Indians. |
| | B) | the descendents of slaves and white slave-owners. |
| | C) | the revolutionary force that led the Haitian rebellion. |
| | D) | slaves who ran away and formed their own communities in remote areas. |
| | E) | slaves who collaborated with their owners and gained power within the plantation system. |
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| 20 | |
African culture in the Americas included all of the following except |
| | A) | distinctive language and dialect. |
| | B) | syncretic African-American religions. |
| | C) | traditional kinship ties. |
| | D) | distinctive foods and cuisine. |
| | E) | distinctive handicrafts. |
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