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| 1 | |
In their rise of power the Ottomans were aided by the ghazi, who were |
| | A) | Mongol mercenaries. |
| | B) | Christian captives raised to fight for them. |
| | C) | Muslim religious warriors. |
| | D) | Anatolian peasants, eager to escape heavy taxes of the Byzantine empire. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 2 | |
The Ottoman military made use of |
| | A) | gunpowder weapons. |
| | B) | siege warfare. |
| | C) | specially trained Janissary forces. |
| | D) | armored cavalry. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following places did not come under the control of the Muslim Ottomans? |
| | A) | Albania |
| | B) | Anatolia |
| | C) | Egypt |
| | D) | the Iranian plateau |
| | E) | Tunisia |
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| 4 | |
The Janissaries were |
| | A) | slave women who lived in the sultan's harem. |
| | B) | Christian boys taken from conquered territories and raised as special forces. |
| | C) | regional administrators, who were granted autonomy in exchange for loyalty and support. |
| | D) | armored, light cavalry. |
| | E) | eunuchs in service to the sultan. |
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| 5 | |
Suleyman the Magnificent |
| | A) | captured Belgrade and laid siege to the city of Vienna. |
| | B) | conquered Russia. |
| | C) | brought the entire Arabian peninsula under Ottoman rule. |
| | D) | invaded the island of Sicily. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 6 | |
In his "Turkish Letters," the Hungarian diplomat Ghislain de Busbecq expresses concerns that |
| | A) | the Ottoman Turks are technologically superior to Europeans. |
| | B) | Ottoman troops are numerically superior to European forces. |
| | C) | Ottoman forces are hardier and more disciplined than European forces. |
| | D) | Ottoman forces are better fed than European forces. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 7 | |
The Safavid Empire began with the reign of Shah Ismail, who claimed legitimacy to the throne by |
| | A) | killing off competitors from the Mughal royal families. |
| | B) | seizing the Peacock Throne. |
| | C) | tracing his ancestry back to a Sufi religious leader. |
| | D) | marrying the daughter of Suleyman the Magnificent. |
| | E) | tracing his ancestry back to Tamerlane. |
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| 8 | |
Twelver Shiism was a Muslim sect that claimed that |
| | A) | Ismail was the "hidden" imam or even a reincarnation of Allah. |
| | B) | Shah Ismail was a direct descendent of the Prophet Muhammad. |
| | C) | all ghazi are true spokesmen of Allah. |
| | D) | the Safavid were the lost tribe of Israel. |
| | E) | the qizilbash, or "red heads," should be purged from the country. |
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| 9 | |
At the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, |
| | A) | the Safavid qizilbash defeated the Ottoman Janissary forces. |
| | B) | the Sunni Ottomans defeated the Shiite Safavids. |
| | C) | an alliance of Safavids and Ottomans defeated European crusaders. |
| | D) | European forces turned back the Ottoman advance into central Europe. |
| | E) | None of the answers are correct. |
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| 10 | |
Shah Abbas revitalized the Safavid regime by all of the following means except |
| | A) | increasing the use of gunpowder weapons. |
| | B) | making land grants to qizilbash officers. |
| | C) | expelling the Portuguese from Hormuz. |
| | D) | forging alliances with the Ottomans against Europeans. |
| | E) | promoting trade with other lands. |
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| 11 | |
The Mughal leader Babur originally invaded northern India in order to |
| | A) | create a Shiite Muslim state. |
| | B) | finance his military campaigns in Central Asia. |
| | C) | control the trade routes into Southeast Asia. |
| | D) | defeat his longstanding enemy, the sultan of Delhi. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 12 | |
The reforms of Akbar included all the following except |
| | A) | religious toleration for Hindus. |
| | B) | a syncretic religion, called "divine faith," which stressed loyalty to the emperor. |
| | C) | a centralized administrative structure with ministers appointed to regional provinces. |
| | D) | education and basic rights for Indian women. |
| | E) | conquest of Gujurat and Bengal. |
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| 13 | |
The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb |
| | A) | replaced many Hindu temples with mosques. |
| | B) | required all nonbelievers to pay a special tax. |
| | C) | extended Mughal authority into southern India. |
| | D) | faced many rebellions and religious conflicts. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 14 | |
Politically, all three of the Islamic states began as |
| | A) | oligarchies, dominated by the merchant class. |
| | B) | constitutional monarchies. |
| | C) | military states. |
| | D) | feudal aristocracies. |
| | E) | tribal councils. |
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| 15 | |
Foreign trade took hold primarily in |
| | A) | the Ottoman and the Mughal empires. |
| | B) | the Mughal and the Safavid empires. |
| | C) | the Safavid and the Ottoman empires. |
| | D) | all three empires. |
| | E) | None of the answers are correct. |
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| 16 | |
One persistent problem within all three empires was |
| | A) | A maintaining the loyalty of the military. |
| | B) | maintaining control over a vast slave population. |
| | C) | communication between the central and provincial administrations. |
| | D) | achieving a peaceful succession after the death of the emperor. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 17 | |
Major trade commodities sought by European merchants from the Islamic empires included |
| | A) | coffee and tobacco. |
| | B) | sugar and rum. |
| | C) | silks, carpets, and other crafts. |
| | D) | wheat, rice, and other food staples. |
| | E) | slaves. |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following would not be an example of religious toleration under Muslim rule? |
| | A) | the millet communities in the Ottoman Empire. |
| | B) | the jizya tax imposed by Aurangzeb. |
| | C) | the Jesuit mission at the court of Goa. |
| | D) | the syncretic "divine faith" of Akbar. |
| | E) | Christian monasteries permitted at Isfahan. |
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| 19 | |
A major reason for the decline in the Islamic Empires was |
| | A) | the refusal to accept new ideas and technologies from the West. |
| | B) | an abandonment of religious toleration as a state policy. |
| | C) | the decline in military leadership. |
| | D) | the rigidity of the religious leaders. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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| 20 | |
The Muslim resistance to new ideas and technologies by the eighteenth century is illustrated by |
| | A) | the Ottoman ban on the printing press. |
| | B) | the purchase of outmoded weapons from Europe. |
| | C) | the banning of "impious" telescopes. |
| | D) | reluctance of Muslims to travel abroad. |
| | E) | All of the answers are correct. |
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