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| 1 | |
Media research was done on the effects of propaganda used during WWI because |
| | A) | experts wanted to find out how to make propaganda stronger |
| | B) | many feared media could brainwash the public without their knowledge |
| | C) | researchers wanted to know how propaganda had helped people during the war |
| | D) | a movement was being developed to abolish propaganda |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following types of Payne Fund studies suggested that teens were most affected by sexual content in movies? |
| | A) | content analyses |
| | B) | laboratory experiments |
| | C) | survey methods |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following would cause people to look for messages that helped them feel consistent in their attitudes? |
| | A) | selective exposure |
| | B) | selective perception |
| | C) | selective retention |
| | D) | selective expression |
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| 4 | |
"The American Soldier" studies showed that the "Why We Fight" films were highly effective in |
| | A) | increasing the numbers of volunteer soldiers in WWII |
| | B) | improving recruits' acceptance of military duties |
| | C) | helping recruits master knowledge of the events that brought the US into the war |
| | D) | entertaining soldiers in a variety of ways and substantially increasing their morale |
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| 5 | |
The first major study on the effect of TV on kids, conducted in the late 1950s, found that |
| | A) | teens over the age of 16 were the heaviest viewers of all kids tested |
| | B) | young children with high IQs watched more TV as they got older |
| | C) | less intelligent children watched more TV when they were younger, than they did as they got older |
| | D) | most children started watching adult programs at an early age |
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| 6 | |
Marshall McLuhan's idea that "the medium is the message" means that |
| | A) | a medium could be good or bad depending on how it is used |
| | B) | the message of a medium has more effect than the medium's characteristics |
| | C) | the characteristics of a medium determine the viewer's experience more than the content does |
| | D) | the messages of mass media influence the viewer's experience more than its characteristics do |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following theories implies that media effects are part of a complex interaction? |
| | A) | powerful effects theory |
| | B) | word-of-mouth theory |
| | C) | multi-step flow theory |
| | D) | mixed effects theory |
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| 8 | |
The Diffusion of Innovations theory explains |
| | A) | how different types of media inspire different ideas on the part of social scientists |
| | B) | the different types of people with different levels of willingness to accept and use new ideas from the media |
| | C) | how a person's perceptions of the world are shaped and sometimes distorted by the media |
| | D) | how the public develops its own innovations in technology, after being influenced by the media |
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| 9 | |
The main point of agenda setting is to |
| | A) | change the public's point of view about a subject |
| | B) | let the public know the steps involved in governmental policy |
| | C) | change the public's perception of what is important |
| | D) | telling people what to think |
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| 10 | |
Gender studies examine |
| | A) | how society perpetuates gender roles |
| | B) | how the media construct gender roles |
| | C) | the absence of gender roles in contemporary society |
| | D) | how media helps dispel gender roles |
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| 11 | |
Marxist theorists believe that media |
| | A) | make people overly fearful of the difficulties of life |
| | B) | help the "haves" hide their vast wealth from the "have nots" |
| | C) | distracts people from reality in a way that benefits commercial forces |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 12 | |
One reason for the disparity between research and conventional wisdom concerning the effects of media on society is |
| | A) | conventional wisdom believes in powerful, and mostly negative media influences |
| | B) | research does not determine effects by anecdotal evidence |
| | C) | the public is not aware of thousands of media research studies published |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 13 | |
In regard to the effects on people of viewing violence, the "catharsis" theory says that |
| | A) | viewing violence releases violent feelings, which leads to violent behavior |
| | B) | viewing violence bypasses a person's aggressive drive, having no effect on whether he or she will behave violently |
| | C) | viewing violence reduces violent behavior because it satisfies a person's aggressive drive |
| | D) | viewing violence may unearth childhood memories of violent behavior, sending a person into depression |
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| 14 | |
When you prove correlation, you prove that |
| | A) | one thing caused another |
| | B) | one thing occurred before another |
| | C) | two events happened simultaneously |
| | D) | two events have the same root cause |
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| 15 | |
In media research, the baseline effect refers to the idea that |
| | A) | media exposure causes short-term fluctuations in effect |
| | B) | media exposure is always affecting us, whether we know it or not |
| | C) | most fluctuations are below an observable level |
| | D) | most manifestations are not at all observable |
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