The function of the respiratory system is to move air in and out of the lungs. This process is called ventilation, respiration, or breathing. This system functions to deliver oxygen (O2) via the bloodstream. It also removes a waste product—carbon dioxide (CO2)—from the blood. This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is called external respiration. This same exchange within the hemoglobin of the red blood cells (RBCs) is known as internal respiration.
Outline
Organs of the Respiratory System
The Mechanisms of Breathing
The Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
Respiratory Volumes
Learning Outcomes
After completing Chapter 28, you will be able to:
28.1 Explain the functions of the respiratory system.
28.2 Explain the difference between internal respiration and external respiration.
28.3 Describe how the larynx produces voice sounds.
28.4 List the structures contained within the lungs.
28.5 Describe the coverings of the lungs and chest cavity.
28.6 Describe the events that lead to the inspiration and expiration of air.
28.7 Explain how the brain controls breathing and how normal breathing patterns can be disrupted.
28.8 Describe how oxygen is transported from the lungs to body cells.
28.9 Describe how carbon dioxide is transported from body cells to the lungs.
28.10 List and explain various respiratory volumes and tell how they are used to diagnose respiratory problems.
28.11 Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.
Summary
The major function of the respiratory system is the ex-change of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the atmosphere. In addition to this gas exchange, the respiratory system also regulates blood pH. The organs of this system include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and the lungs. Each of these structures has a role in ventilation (bringing air in and out of the body) and external respiration (the gas ex-change of oxygen and carbon dioxide). Understanding this system is important to help patients understand normal lung functioning and what they can do to maintain optimal respiratory function. It is especially important when instructing patients in the use of an inhaler so that proper technique allows for adequate absorption of medication.
