The nervous system is a highly complex system. It controls all other organ systems and is important for maintaining balance within those systems. Disorders of the nervous system are numerous and often very difficult to diagnose and treat because of the complexity of this system.
Outline - General Functions of the Nervous System
- Neuron Structure
- Nerve Impulse and Synapse
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Neurologic Testing
Learning Outcomes After completing Chapter 29, you will be able to: 29.1 Explain the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
29.2 Describe the functions of the nervous system.
29.3 Describe the structure of a neuron.
29.4 Describe the function of a nerve impulse and how a nerve impulse is created.
29.5 Describe the structure and function of a synapse.
29.6 Describe the function of the blood-brain barrier.
29.7 Describe the structure and functions of meninges.
29.8 Describe the structure and functions of the spinal cord.
29.9 Describe the location and function of cerebrospinal fluid.
29.10 Define reflex and list the parts of a reflex arc.
29.11 List the major divisions of the brain and give the general functions of each.
29.12 Explain the functions of the cranial and spinal nerves.
29.13 Describe the differences between the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
29.14 Explain the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
29.15 Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
Summary
The functions of the nervous system include detecting and interpreting sensory information, making decisions about that information, and responding to and carrying out motor functions based on those decisions. The cells responsible for these functions are neurons. There are two divisions of the nervous system. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is made up of cranial nerves and spinal nerves. All organs are under the control of the nervous system. Knowledge of this system is essential when assisting the physician during a neurologic exam.
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