| Dose-Response Relationship | A term adopted from medicine. With medicine it is important to know what response (benefit) will occur from taking a specific dose. When studying physical activity it is important to know what dose provides the best response (most benefits). The contents of this book are designed to help you choose the best doses of activity for the responses (benefits) you desire.
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| FIT | A formula used to describe the frequency, intensity, and length of time for physical activity to produce benefits. (When "FITT" is used, the second T refers to the type of physical activity you perform.)
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| Health-Based Criterion-Referenced Standards | The amount of a specific type of fitness necessary to gain a health or wellness benefit.
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| Health Benefits | The results of physical activity that provides protection from hypokinetic disease or early death.
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| Moderate activity | For the purpose of this book, moderate activity refers to activity equal in intensity to a brisk walk. Level 1 activities from the activity pyramid are included in this category.
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| Overload Principle | The basic principle that specifies that you must perform physical activity in greater than normal amounts (overload) to get an improvement in physical fitness or health benefits.
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| Performance Benefits | The results of physical activity that improves physical fitness and physical performance capabilities
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| Physical Activity Pyramid | Pyramid that illustrates how different types of activities contribute to the development of health and physical fitness. Activities lower in the pyramid require more frequent participation, whereas activities higher in the pyramid require less frequency.
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| Principle of Diminishing Returns | A corollary of the overload principle indicating that the more benefits you gain as a result of activity, the harder additional benefits are to achieve.
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| Principle of Individuality | The corollary of the overload principle that indicates that overload provides unique benefits to each individual based on the unique characteristics of that person.
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| Principle of Progression | The corollary of the overload principle that indicates the need to gradually increase overload to achieve optimal benefits.
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| Principle of Rest and Recovery | The corollary of the overload principle that indicates that adequate rest is needed to allow the body to adapt to and recover from exercise.
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| Principle of Reversibility | The corollary of the overload principle that indicates that disuse or inactivity results in loss of benefits achieved as a result of overload.
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| Principle of Specificity | The corollary of the overload principle that indicates a need for a specific type of exercise to improve each fitness component or fitness of a specific part of the body.
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| Target Zone | Amounts of physical activity that produce optimal benefits
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| Threshold of Training | The minimum amount of physical activity that will produce benefits.
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| Vigorous activity | For the purpose of this book, activities that elevate the heart rate and are greater in intensity than brisk walking, also referred to as moderate to vigorous activity. Those activities from level 2 of the pyramid are included in this category.
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