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'On the Web' is an internet-based supplement that provides additional web content to supplement the material in Concepts of Fitness and Wellness. Browse through the whole document to explore web content related to this concept. If you know the specific 'On the Web' number or page number of the web icon in the text you can click on the direct link you are looking for below. Click here to access the other Online Learning Center resources available from the McGraw Hill Website (http://www.mhhe.com/corbin7e). The material available here is for the exclusive use of students and instructors using the Concepts-based textbooks. All rights reserved (McGraw Hill Higher Education). On the Web - Concept 08Web08-01: Active Aerobic Activities Web08-06: Cross Country Skiing Web08-08 - Aerobic Exercise Machines Web08-10: Supplemental Readings Web08-01: Active Aerobic ActivitiesThere have been a number of different participation trends in the fitness field since the original fitness boom began. The running era of the 1970's gave way to the racquet club era in the early 1980's. Large, multi-use fitness clubs have been the predominant emphasis in the 1990's. The Sporting Goods Manufacturer's Association (SGMA) recently released a report that indicates that growth in the health club industry has continued to boom through the new millennium. Total memberships increased 8.5% to 39.4 million in 2003. The number of health club members between the 1990's and 2003 has nearly doubled.  As part of its annual study of Sports Participation, the SGMA (www.sgma.org) evaluates fitness trends in the country. The survey asks what activities people report doing at least once in the past year and cannot be considered truly representative of actual participation. The continued use of the same question, however, does reveal some interesting fitness trends in the last 13 years (see figure above). According to the survey, participation in aerobic dance, fitness swimming and stationary cycling have declined in recent years while the use of treadmills, elliptical trainers, and resistance machines have increased. Some of the decreases in aerobic activity have been offset by large increases in the use of weight equipment and free weights. The SGMA has reported that since 1987 when they began these studies, there have been large increases in the use of free weights (128%), weight resistance machines (96.1%) and home gym equipment (138%). This trend is partly due to the increasing number of women that are now doing resistance exercise. The report estimated that nearly half (48%) of all users of strength equipment are females. The total number of females using free-weights was also found to have doubled during the 1990's and continues to be high today. Visit the SGMA web site at www.sgma.org. Many people enjoy participating in active forms of recreation for aerobic activity. As part of its annual Superstudy of Sports Participation, the SGMA (www.sgma.org) evaluates participation in active forms of recreation. The survey asks what activities people report doing at least once in the past year and cannot be considered truly representative of actual participation. The continued use of the same question, however, does reveal some interesting participation trends in the last 13 years (see figure below). According to the survey, participation in camping has increased modestly in recent years. Hiking rates have remained constant over time but there have been increases in participation in mountain biking with an estimated 7 million participants. Cross country skiing has declined in popularity but snowboarding has increased in popularity according to the survey.  While not shown in the figure, there have been some short term increases in the popularity of various water sports in the past year. The SGMA report indicates that compared with 2002, participation during the year 2003 increased for boardsailing (60.0%), canoeing (6.4%), kayaking (12.5%), jet skiing (8.2%), and surfing (10.5%). Declines since 2002 were seen for scuba diving only (-3.0%). Visit the web site at www.sgma.com.  Web08-02: Fitness WalkingWalking is by far the most popular participation activity in the United States (and likely the world). It can be done anywhere and provides good health benefits without excessive risks of injury. It is often done on trails for more enjoyment of nature and this is referred to as hiking. The organized volkssport activities originating in Europe have become more popular in the United States. The following sites provide additional information on walking, hiking and volkssport. American Volkssport Association - http://www.ava.org/  Web08-03: Running / JoggingRunning and jogging contributed to the first boom of aerobic participation sports in the 1970s. While the overall number of runners has been found to decline there are still large numbers of dedicated runners that use this activity as their primary conditioning activity. The growth of the many other aerobic activities can be attributed in part to the initial running and jogging boom that got people interested in aerobic activity. The following sites provide additional information on running. Cool Running website - www.coolrunning.com  Web08-04: SwimmingSwimming is often listed as among the most popular activities but this number refers to anyone that goes to a pool for recreation and not just the people that swim for laps for fitness or conditioning. Swimming provides a good whole body workout and is easy of the joints. The organization of "Masters" swim clubs across the world provides a unique way to continue competing in the sport of swimming. The following sites provide additional information on swimming. Canada Swimming - http://www.swimming.ca/  Web08-05: BicyclingBicycling is one of the more popular aerobic or cardiovascular activities. It can be performed for recreation, leisure, sport, conditioning or commuting. It also requires only modest amounts of skill to get started. The following sites provide additional information on bicycling. BicylingInfo.org - http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/  Web08-06: Cross Country SkiingCross Country skiing is a safe and effective way to get aerobic physical activity in the winter. While skill is required to master the sport, the basic movements required in "classic skiing" are not that difficult. The following sites provide additional information on skiing. Cross Country Skier - http://www.crosscountryskier.com/  Web08-07: Inline SkatingInline skating grew in popularity in the 1990s and has become a popular recreational outlet and transportation modality for many people. It has been shown to be among the more dangerous activities due to the challenges associated with stopping and the lack of separate facilities but new equipment and policies have helped to make the sport safer. The following sites provide additional information on skating. International Inline Skating Association - http://www.iisa.org/  Web08-08 - Aerobic Exercise MachinesThere are many other forms of aerobic exercise that can performed indoors. Some of these machines include: treadmills, stationary bikes, climbing machines, ellipticals, and rowing machines. Some of these machines have been around for many years and some are relatively new, but they are all continually being updated with the newest technology to help provide an enjoyable exercise experience. Some of the latest technology is described below. Gym Source: http://www.gymsource.com/  Web08-09 - Web ResourcesAmerican Council on Exercise - www.acefitness.org American Running Association - www.americanrunning.org Disabled Sports USA - www.dsusa.org National Association for Sports and Physical Education - http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/ President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports - www.fitness.gov Special Olympics International - www.specialolympics.org Sport Quest - www.SPORTQuest.com National Sporting Good Manufacturers Association - http://www.nsga.org X Sports - http://expn.go.com/expn/index Web08-10: Supplemental ReadingsReferences new to 7e/14eAngus, R. 2006. Competitive Judo. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Barry, D. D. et al. 2006. Fitness Cycling. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Beck, K. M. 2005. Running Strong. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Bishop, J. G. 2005. Fitness through aerobics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Benjamin Cummings. Brownson, R. C. et al., 2005. Declining rates of physical activity in the United States: what are the contributors? Annual Review of.Public Health. 26: 421-443. Clarke, B. 2006. 5 and 10K Training. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Iknoian, T. 2005. Fitness Walking-2nd Ed. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. For C-6. Jensen, C. R. 2006. Outdoor recreation in America. 6th ed. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Kil, Y. S. 2006. Competitive Taekwondo. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Matsuzaki, C. 2004. Tennis Fundamentals. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Mood, D. P. et al. 2007. Sports and Recreational Activities, 14th Ed. St. Louis: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Schmidt, R. & Lee, T. 2005. Motor Control and Learning, 4th ed. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Thomas, D. 2005. Swimming 3rd ed. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics. Rererences from Past EditionsAmerican College of Sports Medicine. The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(6)(1998):975. American College of Sports Medicine. Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(6),(1998):992. American Heart Association. "A Statement on Exercise: Benefits and Recommendations for Physical Activity Programs for All Americans." Circulation 91(1995), 580. Blair, S. N. & J. C. Connelly. How Much Physical Activity Should We Do? The Case for Moderate Amounts and Intensities of Physical Activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 67(2)(1996):193. Brown, R., & J. Henderson. Fitness Running. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1994. Corbin, C.B., & R. Lindsey. Fitness for Life. 4th ed. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Co., 1997. Corbin, C.B., & R. P. Pangrazi. Answers to Questions: How Much Physical Activity is Enough? Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance . 67(1996):33. Corbin, C. B. & R. P. Pangrazi,. Physical Activity Pyramid Rebuffs Peak Exercise. ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal, 2(1)(1998):12. Evans, W. J. Exercise Training Guidelines for the Elderly. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(1),(1999):12. Franks, B. D., et al. Physical Activity Intensity: How Much Is Enough? ACSM's Health and Fitness. 1(6)(1997):14. Gallup, G., & F. Newport. "Football Remains America's Number One Spectator Sport." Gallup Poll Monthly 325, 36(1992). Howley, E. T. & B. D. Franks. Health fitness Instructor's Handbook (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1997. Johnson, E. Aquatic exercise for better living on land. ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal, 2(3)(1998), 16. Olson, M. S. & H. N. Williford. Step aerobics fulfills its promise: High on fitness, low on impact. ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal, 2(2)(1997):,2. Roitman, J. L. (ed.) ACSM's Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 3rd Ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1998. Terbizan, D. J. & B. Strand. How Much Exercise? Fitness Management. 14(9)(1998):32. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996. |