In this chapter, we will examine the issues that surround commencing a civil action, including jurisdictional questions, standing, and other legal elements of complaints. We will also examine the elements of a complaint, explain the significance of each feature, and show how a complaint raises a legal claim against the defendant.

After reading this chapter, you will be able to:

Describe the important procedural rules that affect how complaints are drafted.

Explain subject matter jurisdiction.

Define the term “limited jurisdiction” and how it applies to federal courts.

Explain the requirements of capacity and standing in civil suits.

Define the “case or controversy” requirement.

Identify the importance of the concepts of mootness and ripeness.

Describe the caption or style of a complaint.

Explain the importance of notice pleading.

Define the role of factual allegations in a complaint.