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| 1 | |
The oxygen dissociation curve shows that as the partial pressure of oxygen is decreased to a very low level, the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin: |
| | A) | increases. |
| | B) | does not change. |
| | C) | decreases. |
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| 2 | |
Look at your graph. A high transmittance value ('color') indicates: |
| | A) | a large amount of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin. |
| | B) | a small amount of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin. |
| | C) | no oxygen is bound to hemoglobin. |
| | D) | nothing with respect to the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
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| 3 | |
A solution with a pH below 7 is said to be: |
| | A) | acidic. |
| | B) | neutral. |
| | C) | alkaline. |
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| 4 | |
Decreasing the pH of the blood (making it more acidic): |
| | A) | moves the oxygen dissociation curve to the left. |
| | B) | moves the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. |
| | C) | has no effect on the oxygen dissociation curve. |
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| 5 | |
Look at the curves on your graph, about one-third of the way from zero mark on the horizontal axis (a PO2 value around 50 mm Hg). Imagine a vertical line that intersects the curves. |
| | A) | Blood with a lower pH has a lower transmittance value (‘color'). |
| | B) | Blood with a lower pH has the same transmittance value (‘color') as blood without DPG. |
| | C) | Blood with a lower pH has a higher transmittance value (‘color'). |
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| 6 | |
Look at the two curves on your graph, about one-third of the way from zero mark on the horizontal axis (a PO2 value around 50 mm Hg). Imagine a vertical line that intersects the curves. |
| | A) | Blood with a lower pH has more oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
| | B) | Blood with a lower pH has the same amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
| | C) | Blood with a lower pH has less oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
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| 7 | |
At PO2 levels around 50 mm Hg (approximately the same PO2 value found in the tissues), a lower pH: |
| | A) | decreases the amount of bound oxygen; i.e., hemoglobin releases more oxygen to the tissues. |
| | B) | does not change the amount of bound oxygen bound; i.e., the amount of oxygen released is constant. |
| | C) | increases the amount of bound oxygen bound; i.e., hemoglobin releases less oxygen to the tissues. |
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| 8 | |
Cells make hydrogen ions because they can produce: |
| | A) | lactic acid, which can move into the interstititial fluid and then into the plasma. |
| | B) | carbon dioxide, which reacts with water to form hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. |
| | C) | both of the above options are true. |
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| 9 | |
Hydrogen ions bind to the beta-chains and decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Therefore, lowering the pH: |
| | A) | moves the oxygen dissociation curve to the left. |
| | B) | has no effect on the oxygen dissociation curve. |
| | C) | moves the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. |
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| 10 | |
At the tissues, a low pH pushes the oxygen dissociation curve to the right so that: |
| | A) | less oxygen is released, which leaves more oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
| | B) | more oxygen is released, which leaves more oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
| | C) | less oxygen is released, which leaves less oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
| | D) | more oxygen is released, which leaves less oxygen bound to hemoglobin. |
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