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| 1 | |
Which of the following provides the best example of the microsystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
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| | A) | Students interact directly with their teacher. |
| | B) | A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the student. |
| | C) | Local government approves increased funding for public school libraries. |
| | D) | Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in more administrative roles in the schools. |
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| 2 | |
The link between the home and the school is an example of a:
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| | A) | Microsystem |
| | B) | Mesosystem |
| | C) | Exosystem |
| | D) | Macrosystem |
| | E) | Chronosystem |
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| 3 | |
The school board passes a new rule that limits the number of students allowed in each classroom in order to enhance teacher-student relationships. This is an example of which environmental system?
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| | A) | Microsystem |
| | B) | Mesosystem |
| | C) | Exosystem |
| | D) | Macrosystem |
| | E) | Chronosystem |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following provides the best example of the macrosystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
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| | A) | Students interact directly with their teacher. |
| | B) | A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the student. |
| | C) | Local government approves increased funding for public school libraries. |
| | D) | Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in more administrative roles in the schools. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following is the final stage of development, as proposed by Erikson?
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| | A) | Autonomy versus shame and doubt |
| | B) | Trust versus mistrust |
| | C) | Integrity versus despair |
| | D) | Identity versus identity confusion |
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| 6 | |
According to Erikson's life-span development theory, at approximately what age does a person undergo the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
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| | A) | The first year |
| | B) | The second year |
| | C) | Age 6 to puberty |
| | D) | Adolescence |
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| 7 | |
On the basis of Erikson's life-span development theory, which of the following strategies would best enable a teacher to stimulate identity exploration in adolescents?
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| | A) | Encourage individuals to express their views freely. |
| | B) | Structure activities around success rather than failure. |
| | C) | Provide opportunities for fantasy play. |
| | D) | Evaluate students' opinions carefully and critically. |
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| 8 | |
Children are most likely to have high self-esteem and get along well with their peers when raised with which of the following styles of parenting?
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| | A) | Indulgent |
| | B) | Neglectful |
| | C) | Authoritarian |
| | D) | Authoritative |
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| 9 | |
Researchers who study peer relations among children have noted that "popular" children typically display which of the following characteristics?
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| | A) | They listen carefully. |
| | B) | They are conceited. |
| | C) | They engage in delinquent behavior. |
| | D) | They are aggressive. |
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| 10 | |
Of the following activities, which is most "developmentally appropriate" for school children between 5 and 8 years of age?
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| | A) | Highly structured activity |
| | B) | Reading silently while sitting at a desk |
| | C) | Teacher-directed lesson |
| | D) | Pursuit of student-selected project |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following actions by teachers would most likely increase the self-esteem of an elementary school child?
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| | A) | Complimenting the student for being polite toward others |
| | B) | Criticizing the student for making a mistake on a homework assignment |
| | C) | Punishing the student for interrupting somebody else |
| | D) | Showing little interest in the student's work |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following statements best describes a student with identity diffusion?
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| | A) | The student has explored career paths and made a commitment toward a goal. |
| | B) | The student has accepted someone else's idea for a career path and made a commitment toward that goal. |
| | C) | The student has not explored career paths and lacks a goal. |
| | D) | The student has explored career paths but has made no commitments toward any path. |
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| 13 | |
Alina, a high school student, loves to work with computers. She is also very active in student government. She would like to pursue a career that involves interacting with people. She is considering careers in computer programming and computer sales, as well as careers in politics and law. She hopes to make a final decision by the end of this school year. Which of the following labels best describes Alina's identity status?
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| | A) | Identity diffusion |
| | B) | Identity moratorium |
| | C) | Identity achievement |
| | D) | Identity foreclosure |
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| 14 | |
A high school student who feels it is wrong to cheat because if he gets caught he will be sent to the office is revealing which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?
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| | A) | Preconventional |
| | B) | Conventional |
| | C) | Postconventional |
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| 15 | |
An individual in the conventional level of Kohlberg's theory would turn to which of the following when making a moral decision?
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| | A) | Family expectations |
| | B) | Potential punishment involved |
| | C) | Individual values |
| | D) | Personal needs and desires |
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| 16 | |
An individual in the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory would turn to which of the following when making a moral decision?
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| | A) | Family expectations |
| | B) | Potential punishment involved |
| | C) | Individual values |
| | D) | Personal needs and desires |
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| 17 | |
Kohlberg's second level of morality, reflecting an internalization of standards created by other people in society, is called:
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| | A) | Preconventional |
| | B) | Conventional |
| | C) | Midconventional |
| | D) | Postconventional |
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| 18 | |
Individuals who evaded the draft due to fear for their lives would be considered ______; while those who did so out of principles of peace would be ______.
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| | A) | preconventional; postconventional |
| | B) | conventional; preconventional |
| | C) | postconventional; conventional |
| | D) | conventional; postconventional |
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| 19 | |
Mr. Johnson utilizes an activity within his social studies class that involves students volunteering in the community. Students are given the option of helping the elderly, working in a hospital, or assisting Habitat for Humanity. This is a good example of:
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| | A) | Character education |
| | B) | Values clarification |
| | C) | Cognitive moral education |
| | D) | Service learning |
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| 20 | |
Kohlberg and Gilligan have proposed theories of moral development. Kohlberg's focuses on ____; Gilligan's focuses on _____.
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| | A) | justice; care |
| | B) | care; justice |
| | C) | rightness; wrongness |
| | D) | relationships; abstract reasoning |
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| 21 | |
Researchers have found that in some ethnic groups, aspects of the authoritarian parenting style may be associated with:
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| | A) | Pro-social behaviors |
| | B) | Identity diffusion |
| | C) | Positive child outcomes, such as high academic achievement |
| | D) | Enhanced language development |
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| 22 | |
All of the following statements are true concerning rejected children EXCEPT:
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| | A) | They can be trained to interact more effectively with their peers. |
| | B) | They are infrequently nominated as a best friend. |
| | C) | They are often actively disliked by their peers. |
| | D) | They are aggressive. |
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| 23 | |
The current controversy about early childhood education is largely comprised of three groups: advocates of a constructivist approach, advocates of an instructivist approach, and:
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| | A) | advocates of programs that emphasize children's intellectual development |
| | B) | Advocates of home-based programs |
| | C) | Advocates of culture-based curriculum |
| | D) | Advocates of authoritarian instruction |
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| 24 | |
The NAEYC states that standards in early childhood education are useful when they:
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| | A) | Guide disciplinary consequences for children |
| | B) | Are developed by local governments |
| | C) | Emphasize developmentally appropriate content |
| | D) | Are used to rank and place children |
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| 25 | |
A child's low self-esteem may be caused by:
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| | A) | Competence in an area |
| | B) | Family conflict |
| | C) | Emotional support |
| | D) | Social approval |
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| 26 | |
Which of the following is NOT a strategy to improve students' self-esteem?
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| | A) | Develop children's coping skills. |
| | B) | Provide emotional support. |
| | C) | Help children identify and achieve their goals. |
| | D) | Offer verbal praise regardless of the quality of student performance. |
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| 27 | |
Research shows that family management practices such as ________ have a positive impact on students' grades and self-responsibility.
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| | A) | varying children's bedtime routine |
| | B) | exhibiting low expectations for achievement |
| | C) | establishing routines for homework |
| | D) | hiring others to handle household chores |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following female student groups has the lowest high school graduation rate?
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| | A) | African-American |
| | B) | Latina |
| | C) | non-Latino White |
| | D) | Asian |
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