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Identify several ways in which you currently use accounting information in your life as a student. Also identify several situations in which, while you are still a student, you might be required to supply financial information about yourself to others.

 

EXERCISE 1.1

You as a User of Accounting Information

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Boeing Company is the largest manufacturer of commercial aircraft in the United States and is a major employer in Seattle, Washington. Explain why each of the following individuals or organizations would be interested in financial information about the company.

  1. California Public Employees Retirement System, one of the world’s largest pension funds.
  2. China Airlines, a rapidly growing airline serving the Pacific Rim.
  3. Henry James, a real estate investor considering building apartments in the Seattle area.
  4. Boeing’s management.
  5. International Aerospace Machinists, a labor union representing many Boeing employees.
 

EXERCISE 1.2

Users of Accounting Information

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A major focus of this course is the process of financial reporting.

  1. What is meant by the term financial reporting?
  2. What are the principal accounting reports involved in the financial reporting process? In general terms, what is the purpose of these reports?
  3. Do all business entities engage in financial reporting? Explain.
  4. How does society benefit from the financial reporting process?
 

EXERCISE 1.3

What Is Financial Reporting?

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Generally accepted accounting principles play an important role in financial reporting.

  1. What is meant by the phrase generally accepted accounting principles?
  2. What are the major sources of these principles?
  3. Is there a single comprehensive list of generally accepted accounting principles? Explain.
  4. What types of accounting reports are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles?
 

EXERCISE 1.4

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

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Describe the roles of the following organizations in establishing generally accepted accounting principles:

  1. The FASB
  2. The AICPA
  3. The SEC

From which of these organizations can you most easily obtain financial information about publicly owned companies?

 

EXERCISE 1.5

Accounting Organizations

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You recently invested $12,000 of your savings in a security issued by a large company. The security agreement pays you 7 percent per year and has a maturity two years from the day you purchased it. What is the total cash flow you expect to receive from this investment, separated into the return on your investment and the return of your investment?

 

EXERCISE 1.6

Investment Return

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Match the terms on the left with the descriptions on the right. Each description should be used only once.

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EXERCISE 1.7

Accounting Terminology

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Match the organizations on the left with the functions on the right. Each function should be used only once.

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EXERCISE 1.8

Accounting Organizations

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The major focus of accounting information is to facilitate decision making.

  1. As an investor in a company, what would be your primary objective?
  2. As a manager of a company, what would be your primary objective?
  3. Is the same accounting information likely to be equally useful to you in these two different roles?
 

EXERCISE 1.9

Financial and Management Accounting

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Internal accounting information is used primarily for internal decision making by an enterprise’s management.

  1. What are the three primary purposes of internal accounting information?
  2. Which of these is the most general and which is the most specific?
  3. Give several examples of the kinds of decisions that internal accounting information supports.
 

EXERCISE 1.10

Management Accounting Information

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Describe which professional organization(s) would most likely be of greatest value to you if your position involved each of the following independent roles:

  1. Accounting educator.
  2. Management accountant.
  3. Certified public accountant.
 

EXERCISE 1.11

Accounting Organizations

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Audits of financial statements are an important part of the accounting process to ensure integrity in financial reporting.

  1. What is the purpose of an audit?
  2. As an external user of accounting information, what meaning would you attach to an audit that concludes that the financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles?
  3. Would your interest in investing in this same company be affected by an auditor’s report that concluded the financial statements were not fairly presented? Why or why not?
 

EXERCISE 1.12

Purpose of an Audit

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The annual financial statements of all large, publicly owned corporations are audited.

  1. What is an audit of financial statements?
  2. Who performs audits?
  3. What is the purpose of an audit?
 

EXERCISE 1.13

Audits of Financial Statements

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Ethical conduct and professional judgment each play important roles in the accounting process.

  1. In general terms, explain why it is important to society that people who prepare accounting information act in an ethical manner.
  2. Identify at least three areas in which accountants must exercise professional judgment, rather than merely relying on written rules.
 

EXERCISE 1.14

Ethics and Professional Judgment

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Four accounting majors, Maria Acosta, Kenzo Nakao, Helen Martin, and Anthony Mandella, recently graduated from Central University and began professional accounting careers. Acosta entered public accounting, Nakao became a management accountant, Martin joined a governmental agency, and Mandella (who had completed a graduate program) became an accounting faculty member.

Assume that each of the four graduates was successful in his or her chosen career. Identify the types of accounting activities in which each of these graduates might find themselves specializing several years after graduation.

 

EXERCISE 1.15

Careers in Accounting

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Locate the Home Depot, Inc., 2005 financial statements in Appendix A of this text. Briefly peruse the financial statements and answer the following questions:

  1. Name the titles of each of Home Depot’s financial statements that provide specific information about economic resources, claims to resources, and changes in resources and claims.
  2. Name three other sections from Home Depot’s 2005 financial statements that might be useful to a potential investor or creditor.

Due to the introductory nature of this chapter and the conceptual nature of its contents, no items labeled  Problems  are included. In all future chapters you will find two problem sets, A and B, that generally include computations, are more complex, and generally require more time to complete than the Exercises.

 

EXERCISE 1.16

Home Depot, Inc. General and Specific Information

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