Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.
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| 1 | |
Culture is defined as |
| | A) | the largest form of human group. |
| | B) | the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. |
| | C) | the established standards of behavior maintained by a society. |
| | D) | the norms governing everyday behavior. |
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| 2 | |
People's need for food, shelter, and clothing are examples of what George Murdock referred to as |
| | A) | norms. |
| | B) | folkways. |
| | C) | cultural practices. |
| | D) | cultural universals. |
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| 3 | |
The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture is known as |
| | A) | innovation. |
| | B) | diffusion. |
| | C) | globalization. |
| | D) | cultural relativism. |
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| 4 | |
The finding of the DNA molecule is an example of a (an) |
| | A) | invention. |
| | B) | discovery. |
| | C) | cultural universal. |
| | D) | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. |
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| 5 | |
What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society? |
| | A) | innovation |
| | B) | globalization |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | cultural relativism |
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| 6 | |
The emergence of Starbucks in China represents what aspect of culture? |
| | A) | innovation |
| | B) | globalization |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | cultural relativism |
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| 7 | |
What term did William Ogburn introduce to refer to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? |
| | A) | culture lag |
| | B) | cultural relativism |
| | C) | ethnocentrism |
| | D) | diffusion |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following statements is true according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? |
| | A) | Language simply describes reality. |
| | B) | Language does not transmit stereotypes related to race. |
| | C) | Language precedes thought. |
| | D) | Language is not an example of a cultural universal. |
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| 9 | |
The statement "Respect your elders" reflects which of the following? |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | a cultural universal |
| | C) | ethnocentrism |
| | D) | a norm |
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| 10 | |
In the United States, norms are often formalized into |
| | A) | ideals. |
| | B) | folkways. |
| | C) | laws. |
| | D) | values. |
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| 11 | |
Standards of proper dress are a common example of which of the following? |
| | A) | informal norms |
| | B) | sanctions |
| | C) | values |
| | D) | formal norms |
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| 12 | |
Patterns of male dominance are reinforced in many societies around the world by |
| | A) | mores. |
| | B) | values. |
| | C) | folkways. |
| | D) | sanctions. |
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| 13 | |
Health, love, and democracy are examples of |
| | A) | mores. |
| | B) | values. |
| | C) | folkways. |
| | D) | sanctions. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following maintains that stability requires a consensus and the support of society's members? |
| | A) | conflict theory |
| | B) | interactionist theory |
| | C) | social control theory |
| | D) | functionalist theory |
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| 15 | |
Beginning in the 1950s, ______________ theory's view of culture became popular among sociologists in the United States. |
| | A) | conflict |
| | B) | interactionist |
| | C) | social control |
| | D) | functionalist |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following statements is true from a conflict perspective? |
| | A) | Stability requires a consensus and the support of a society's members. |
| | B) | Cultural traits all work toward stabilizing society. |
| | C) | A common culture serves to maintain the privileges of certain groups. |
| | D) | Practices such as prostitution continue to survive because they contribute to overall social stability. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following terms describes the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? |
| | A) | mores |
| | B) | dominant ideology |
| | C) | consensus |
| | D) | values |
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| 18 | |
From 1966 to 2005, which of the following life goals has shown the strongest gain in popularity for first-year college students in the United States? |
| | A) | developing a meaningful philosophy of life |
| | B) | helping to promote racial understanding |
| | C) | helping others |
| | D) | being very well-off financially |
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| 19 | |
An American touring different parts of China wants local meat for dinner, but is shocked to learn that the specialty in one restaurant is dog meat. This feeling illustrates |
| | A) | a counterculture. |
| | B) | a dominant ideology. |
| | C) | a cultural universal. |
| | D) | culture shock. |
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| 20 | |
Terrorist groups are examples of |
| | A) | cultural universals. |
| | B) | subcultures. |
| | C) | countercultures. |
| | D) | dominant ideologies. |
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| 21 | |
What term do sociologists use to refer to a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society? |
| | A) | dominant culture |
| | B) | counterculture |
| | C) | subculture |
| | D) | superculture |
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| 22 | |
Anyone who feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, and even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture may be experiencing |
| | A) | culture lag. |
| | B) | culture shock. |
| | C) | cultural relativism. |
| | D) | a cultural universal. |
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| 23 | |
What is the term used when one places a priority on understanding other cultures rather than dismissing them as "strange" or "exotic"? |
| | A) | ethnocentrism |
| | B) | culture shock |
| | C) | cultural relativism |
| | D) | argot |
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| 24 | |
Sociobiologists apply ______________ principle of natural selection to the study of social behavior. |
| | A) | Herbert Spencer's |
| | B) | Charles Darwin's |
| | C) | Karl Marx's |
| | D) | William Ogburn's |
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| 25 | |
Evaluating the practices of other cultures on the basis of our own perspective is referred to as |
| | A) | ethnocentrism. |
| | B) | culture shock. |
| | C) | cultural relativism. |
| | D) | xenocentrism. |
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