Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.
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| 1 | |
Which of the following terms describes a condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power? |
| | A) | stratification |
| | B) | status inconsistency |
| | C) | slavery |
| | D) | social inequality |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is NOT an example of income? |
| | A) | salaries |
| | B) | property |
| | C) | wages |
| | D) | tips |
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| 3 | |
Land, stocks, and other types of property are all examples of |
| | A) | wealth. |
| | B) | income. |
| | C) | wages. |
| | D) | salaries. |
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| 4 | |
The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals and groups is |
| | A) | homelessness. |
| | B) | vagrancy. |
| | C) | slavery. |
| | D) | unemployment. |
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| 5 | |
Hereditary systems of rank—usually religiously dictated and tending to be fixed and immobile—are referred to as |
| | A) | social classes. |
| | B) | class divisions. |
| | C) | socioeconomic groups. |
| | D) | castes. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following terms refers to a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility? |
| | A) | caste membership |
| | B) | varnas |
| | C) | class system |
| | D) | untouchable |
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| 7 | |
Sociologist Daniel Rossides uses a five-class model to describe the class system of the United States. Which of the following is NOT one of the classes in his system? |
| | A) | upper class |
| | B) | lower-middle class |
| | C) | working class |
| | D) | underclass |
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| 8 | |
According to Karl Marx, the capitalist class owns the means of production. He referred to this class as the |
| | A) | bourgeoisie. |
| | B) | proletariat. |
| | C) | caste leadership. |
| | D) | elite. |
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| 9 | |
What term did Karl Marx use to describe a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change? |
| | A) | false consciousness |
| | B) | class consciousness |
| | C) | status group membership |
| | D) | the capitalist self |
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| 10 | |
The respect or admiration that an occupation holds in a society is referred to as |
| | A) | status. |
| | B) | esteem. |
| | C) | prestige. |
| | D) | ranking. |
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| 11 | |
__________ poverty is a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole. |
| | A) | Absolute |
| | B) | Relative |
| | C) | Structural |
| | D) | Direct |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following terms have sociologist William Julius Wilson and other social scientists used to describe the long-term poor who lack training and skills? |
| | A) | blamed victims |
| | B) | the relative poor |
| | C) | the absolute poor |
| | D) | the underclass |
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| 13 | |
Max Weber saw social class as being closely related to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences. According to the text, these opportunities, conditions, and experiences are called |
| | A) | benefits. |
| | B) | life chances. |
| | C) | perquisites. |
| | D) | privileges. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is NOT an example of a closed class system? |
| | A) | slavery |
| | B) | caste system |
| | C) | the class system in the United States |
| | D) | varnas |
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| 15 | |
_____________ mobility involves changes in social position within a person's adult life. |
| | A) | Intragenerational |
| | B) | Intergenerational |
| | C) | Horizontal |
| | D) | Vertical |
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| 16 | |
Airline pilot and police officer have the same occupational prestige ranking. Suppose that a former airline pilot becomes a police officer. Sociologists would refer to this kind of movement as |
| | A) | vertical mobility. |
| | B) | intergenerational mobility. |
| | C) | intragenerational mobility. |
| | D) | horizontal mobility. |
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| 17 | |
According to Marx, exploitation of the proletariat will inevitably lead to |
| | A) | the emergence of capitalism. |
| | B) | the destruction of capitalism. |
| | C) | the emergence of socialism. |
| | D) | the destruction of socialism. |
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| 18 | |
What term did Weber use to refer to people who rank the same in prestige or lifestyle? |
| | A) | class |
| | B) | status group |
| | C) | party |
| | D) | stratification |
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| 19 | |
In 2007, approximately ________ of all poor adults worked full-time. |
| | A) | 30 percent |
| | B) | 19 percent |
| | C) | 31 percent |
| | D) | 42 percent |
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| 20 | |
The term __________ poverty refers to a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below. |
| | A) | relative |
| | B) | absolute |
| | C) | objective |
| | D) | subjective |
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