Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.
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| 1 | |
Sociologists use the term social movements in reference to |
| | A) | revolutions. |
| | B) | expressions of public opinion. |
| | C) | organized collective activities to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 2 | |
You are a student and do not own a car. All of your close friends who are attending your college or university have vehicles of their own. You feel downtrodden and dissatisfied. You are experiencing |
| | A) | relative deprivation. |
| | B) | resource mobilization. |
| | C) | false consciousness. |
| | D) | depression. |
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| 3 | |
The text observes that it takes more than desire to start a social movement: It helps to have money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel. The ways in which a social movement utilizes such things are referred to collectively as |
| | A) | relative deprivation. |
| | B) | false consciousness. |
| | C) | resource mobilization. |
| | D) | economic independence. |
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| 4 | |
Organized collective activities that address values and social identities, as well as improvements in the quality of life, are referred to as |
| | A) | new social movements. |
| | B) | social revolutions. |
| | C) | resource mobilization. |
| | D) | crazes. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT true? |
| | A) | New social movements generally view government as their ally in the struggle for a better society. |
| | B) | Scholars of social movements now realize that gender can affect even the way we view organized efforts to bring about or resist change. |
| | C) | Social movements can influence cultural attitudes and expectations in ways that open people up to future change. |
| | D) | Leadership is a central factor in the mobilization of the discontented into social movements. |
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| 6 | |
The text cites which of the following as a recognized definition of social change? |
| | A) | tumultuous, revolutionary alterations that lead to changes in leadership |
| | B) | a significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture |
| | C) | regular alterations in a consistent social frame of reference |
| | D) | subtle alterations in any social system |
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| 7 | |
Charles Darwin's pioneering work in biological evolution contributed to ____________ theory, which views society as moving in a definite direction. |
| | A) | functionalist |
| | B) | conflict |
| | C) | evolutionary |
| | D) | interactionist |
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| 8 | |
In reference to social change, the writings of Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim are examples of __________ theory. |
| | A) | conflict |
| | B) | evolutionary |
| | C) | interactionist |
| | D) | new social movement |
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| 9 | |
According to Talcott Parsons' __________ model, as changes occur in one part of society, there must be adjustments in other parts. |
| | A) | disruption |
| | B) | equilibrium |
| | C) | conflict |
| | D) | interactionist |
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| 10 | |
According to Parsons' model of social change, during which process do social institutions become more specialized in their purposes? |
| | A) | differentiation |
| | B) | adaptive upgrading |
| | C) | inclusion |
| | D) | value generalization |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following statements regarding Karl Marx is NOT true? |
| | A) | Marx accepted the evolutionary argument that societies develop along a particular path. |
| | B) | Marx believed that history proceeds through a series of stages, each of which exploits a class of people. |
| | C) | Marx accepted Parsons' equilibrium model, which states that as changes occur in one part of society, there must be adjustments in other parts if stability is to be maintained. |
| | D) | Marx argued that conflict is a normal and desirable aspect of social change. |
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| 12 | |
Social economist Thorstein Veblen coined the term __________ to refer to those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change. |
| | A) | vested interests |
| | B) | functional prerequisites |
| | C) | class consciousness |
| | D) | target groups |
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| 13 | |
__________ have made it very difficult for policymakers to find acceptable locations for facilities such as hazardous waste dumps. |
| | A) | Civil rights protests |
| | B) | Consciousness-raising groups |
| | C) | Vested interests |
| | D) | Not in my backyard" protests |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is NOT an example of nonmaterial culture? |
| | A) | ideas |
| | B) | norms |
| | C) | communication |
| | D) | technology |
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| 15 | |
William F. Ogburn used the term __________ to refer to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions. |
| | A) | economic shift |
| | B) | political turmoil |
| | C) | social change |
| | D) | culture lag |
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| 16 | |
In France during the 1800s, angry workers threw their wooden shoes into factory machinery to destroy it, thereby giving rise to the term |
| | A) | "throw a monkey wrench into it." |
| | B) | "wooden heart." |
| | C) | "sabotage." |
| | D) | "Luddites." |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is NOT a common complaint of the typical neo-Luddite? |
| | A) | federal barriers to advancements in biotechnology |
| | B) | incessant expansion of industrialization |
| | C) | increasing destruction of the natural and agrarian world |
| | D) | the "throwaway" mentality of contemporary capitalism |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is an example of the process identified by Talcott Parsons as differentiation? |
| | A) | the transition from a single person who handles all your health care needs to a series of positions |
| | B) | the division of physicians into obstetricians, internists, and surgeons |
| | C) | medical schools admitting increasing numbers of women and African Americans |
| | D) | the acceptance of preventive and alternative medicine |
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| 19 | |
All four process identified by Parsons stress |
| | A) | decision making |
| | B) | political turmoil |
| | C) | consensus |
| | D) | social change |
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