Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.

1			Émile Durkheim defined religion as
			A)	a vision from God.
			B)	a cultural universal.
			C)	involving the profane.
			D)	a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.
2			Which of the following is an example of what Durkheim termed the profane?
			A)	a piece of bread for communion
			B)	Taoist incense sticks
			C)	a chair in a courtroom
			D)	a crucifix
3			Outside of Christianity, the largest single faith in the world is
			A)	Judaism.
			B)	Buddhism.
			C)	Islam.
			D)	Hinduism.
4			Sociologist Max Weber pointed out that the followers of John Calvin emphasized a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life. Collectively, this point of view has been referred to as
			A)	capitalism.
			B)	the Protestant ethic.
			C)	the sacred.
			D)	the profane.
5			The use of a church in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice evident in a secular society is referred to as
			A)	liberation theology.
			B)	creationism.
			C)	ritualism.
			D)	religious experience.
6			According to which of the following does religion impede social change by encouraging oppressed people to focus on other-worldly concerns rather than on their immediate poverty or exploitation?
			A)	Max Weber
			B)	Émile Durkheim
			C)	Malcolm X
			D)	Karl Marx
7			Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are referred to as
			A)	denominations.
			B)	ecclesiae.
			C)	religious beliefs.
			D)	religious experience.
8			Many people in the United States strongly adhere to the idea that life is so complex that there had to be some form of intelligence behind its creation. This belief is known as
			A)	liberation theology.
			B)	intelligent design.
			C)	creationism.
			D)	ritualism.
9			In his autobiography, the late African American activist Malcolm X wrote of his hajj (pilgrimage) to the holy city of Mecca. Malcolm X's journey is an example of religious
			A)	secularization.
			B)	ritual.
			C)	experience.
			D)	creationism.
10			Which of the following is a religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion?
			A)	a denomination
			B)	a cult
			C)	an established sect
			D)	an ecclesia
11			"Religion serves to bind people together in times of crisis and confusion." This statement is reflective of which sociologist's perspective?
			A)	Jonathan Kozol's
			B)	Karl Marx's
			C)	Max Weber's
			D)	Émile Durkheim's
12			Fifty years ago, a high school diploma was the minimum requirement for entry into the paid labor force of the United States. Today, a college diploma is virtually the bare minimum. This change reflects the process of
			A)	tracking.
			B)	credentialism.
			C)	the hidden curriculum.
			D)	the correspondence principle.
13			Suppose that a school places students in specific "ability groups" on the basis of test scores and other criteria. This reflects the practice of
			A)	the hidden curriculum.
			B)	the correspondence principle.
			C)	tracking.
			D)	credentialism.
14			Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis have argued that capitalism requires a skilled, disciplined labor force and that the educational system of the United States is structured with that objective in mind. Citing numerous studies, they offer support for what they call
			A)	the correspondence principle.
			B)	tracking.
			C)	credentialism.
			D)	the teacher-expectancy effect.
15			In the late 1960s, psychologist Robert Rosenthal and school principal Lenore Jacobson documented what they referred to as a ___________ effect.
			A)	tracking
			B)	credentialing
			C)	teacher-expectancy
			D)	correspondence
16			Sociologist Max Weber noted five basic characteristics of bureaucracy, all of which are evident in the vast majority of schools, whether at the elementary, secondary, or even college level. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
			A)	division of labor
			B)	written rules and regulations
			C)	impersonality
			D)	shared decision making
17			Which of the following is NOT one of the factors contributing to the declining interest in teaching as a profession, as cited in the text?
			A)	Violence in the schools is at an all-time high.
			B)	The amount of formal schooling required for teaching remains high, and recently the public has been calling for new competency exams.
			C)	Teacher salaries are significantly lower than those of many professionals.
			D)	Overall prestige of the teaching profession has declined in the last decade.
18			Of the four distinctive subcultures among college students as described in the text, the __________ subculture identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty.
			A)	collegiate
			B)	vocational
			C)	academic
			D)	nonconformist
19			According to the text's discussion of homeschooling
			A)	83 percent of families that homeschooled their children cite providing religious or moral instruction as a factor in their decision.
			B)	national studies report that homeschooled students score lower than others on standardized tests in every subject and every grade.
			C)	most people who run home schools are single parents and have lower than average incomes.
			D)	all of the above
20			Sociologist Joe R. Feagin has studied which of the following distinctive collegiate subcultures?
			A)	Black students at predominately White universities.
			B)	White students at predominately Black universities.
			C)	Asian students at predominately White universities.
			D)	Asian students at predominately Black universities.