| Authority | Institutionalized power that is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
|
 |
|
|
| Capitalism | An economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
|
|
|
|
| Charismatic authority | Power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.
|
|
|
|
| Communism | As an ideal type, an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce.
|
|
|
|
| Deindustrialization | The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants.
|
|
|
|
| Democracy | In a literal sense, government by the people.
|
|
|
|
| Dictatorship | A government in which one person has nearly total power to make and enforce laws.
|
|
|
|
| Downsizing | Reductions in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization.
|
|
|
|
| Economic system | The social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed.
|
|
|
|
| Elite model | A view of society as being ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests.
|
|
|
|
| Force | The actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others.
|
|
|
|
| Industrial society | A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services.
|
|
|
|
| Influence | The exercise of power through a process of persuasion.
|
|
|
|
| Informal economy | Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government.
|
|
|
|
| Laissez-faire | A form of capitalism under which people compete freely, with minimal government intervention in the economy.
|
|
|
|
| Mixed economy | An economic system that combines elements of both capitalism and socialism.
|
|
|
|
| Monarchy | A form of government headed by a single member of a royal family, usually a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler.
|
|
|
|
| Monopoly | Control of a market by a single business firm.
|
|
|
|
| Offshoring | The transfer of work to foreign contractors.
|
|
|
|
| Oligarchy | A form of government in which a few individuals rule.
|
|
|
|
| Peace | The absence of war, or more broadly, a proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations.
|
|
|
|
| Pluralist model | A view of society in which many competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant.
|
|
|
|
| Political system | The social institution that is founded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving society's goals.
|
|
|
|
| Politics | In Harold Lasswell's words, "who gets what, when, and how."
|
|
|
|
| Power | The ability to exercise one's will over others even if they resist.
|
|
|
|
| Power elite | A small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who control the fate of the United States.
|
|
|
|
| Rational-legal authority | Authority based on formally agreed upon and accepted rules, principles, and procedures of conduct that are established in order to accomplish goals in the most efficient manner possible.
|
|
|
|
| Representative democracy | A form of government in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people.
|
|
|
|
| Socialism | An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned.
|
|
|
|
| Terrorism | The use or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims.
|
|
|
|
| Totalitarianism | Virtually complete government control and surveillance over all aspects of a society's social and political life.
|
|
|
|
| Traditional authority | Legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice.
|
|
|
|
| War | Conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons.
|