| A,B,C Lists | a time management technique in which tasks are prioritized. (p. 108)
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| ABCDE Technique | a method of coping with anxiety that consists of examining irrational beliefs. (p. 135)
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| Abortion | the termination of a pregnancy. (p. 364)
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| Acquaintance Rape | forcible sexual intercourse between people who know each other. (p. 339)
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| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | a condition transmitted through sexual contact and the sharing of intravenous needles that leads to the mixing of blood or semen, in which the immune system becomes progressively ineffective. (p. 337)
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| Active Listening | paraphrasing the speaker's words and feelings; also called reflective listening. (p. 104)
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| Adoption by Relative | adoptions in which a relative of the birth parents adopts the child. (p. 366)
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| Adrenal Cortex | the part of the adrenal gland that secretes corticoids. (p. 24)
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| Adrenal Medulla | the inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines. (p. 25)
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| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | activates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticoid hormones. (p. 23)
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| Aerobic Exercise | exercise of relatively long duration, using large muscle groups, that does not require more oxygen than can be inhaled. (p. 233)
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| Ageism | prejudice based on a person's age. (p. 388)
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| Agency Adoptions | adoptions in which the birth parents relinquish the baby to an adoption agency. (p. 366)
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| Aggressive | acting in a way to get what one is entitled to, one's rights, but at the expense of someone else's rights. (p. 99)
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| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome. (p. 287)
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| Aldosterone | the primary mineralocorticoid. (p. 24)
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| Anaerobic Exercise | exercise of short duration that requires more oxygen than can be inhaled. (p. 233)
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| Anal Opening | the exit point for unusable food substances. (p. 31)
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| Anapanasati | a Zen practice that involves counting breaths as the object of focus during meditation. (p. 170)
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| Antibodies | substances produced by the body to fight antigens. (p. 50)
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| Antigen | a foreign substance irritating to the body. (p. 50)
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| Anxiety | an unrealistic fear that manifests itself in physiological arousal and behaviors to avoid or escape the anxiety-provoking stimulus. (p. 131)
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| Apoplexy | a lack of oxygen to the brain resulting from a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel; also called stroke. (p. 44)
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| Aqua Dynamics | a program consisting of structured exercises conducted in limited water areas. (p. 244)
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| Armchair Desensitization | a form of systematic desensitization in which the stimulus is imagined. (p. 135)
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| Aromatherapy | the use of plant material added to massage oil thought to have pharmacological qualities that improve health. (p. 215)
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| Arteriosclerosis | loss of elasticity of the coronary arteries. (p. 45)
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| Asanas | body positions used during the practice of yoga. (p. 216)
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| Assertive | acting in a way to get what one is entitled to, one's rights, but not at the expense of someone else's rights. (p. 100)
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| Atherosclerosis | clogging of the coronary arteries. (p. 45)
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| Attitude of Gratitude | focusing on things about which to be grateful. (p. 123)
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| Autogenic Meditation | visualization of relaxing images used during autogenic training. (p. 185)
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| Autogenic Training | a relaxation technique that involves a sensation of heaviness, warmth, and tingling in the limbs. (p. 5)
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| Autogenic Training | a relaxation technique that involves imagining one's limbs to be heavy, warm, and tingling. (p. 181)
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| Autohypnosis | being able to place oneself in a hypnotic state. (p. 181)
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| Autoimmune Response | a physiological response in which the body turns on itself. (p. 51)
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| Autonomic Nervous System | controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels. (p. 21)
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| B Cells | a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies. (p. 41)
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| Barriers | reasons given or situations that interfere with someone engaging in behaviors that he or she wishes to engage in. (p. 260)
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| Biofeedback | the use of instrumentation to measure psychophysiological processes and a means of reporting that measurement back to the person being monitored. (p. 209)
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| Body Scanning | a relaxation technique that searches for relaxed body parts and transports that sensation to less relaxed areas. (p. 214)
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| Boomerang Children | children who leave home to live elsewhere but subsequently return to live with the parents. (p. 357)
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| Bracing | the contraction of muscles for no obvious purpose. (p. 5)
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| Bracing | Unnecessary muscle tension. (p. 32)
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| Burnout | an adverse stress reaction to work with psychological, psychophysiological, and behavioral components. (p. 312)
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| Carcinogens | cancer-causing agents. (p. 49)
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| Caregivers | people who provide care for children, elders, or the disabled. (p. 390)
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| Cerebellum | part of the subcortex responsible for coordination. (p. 21)
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| Cerebral Cortex | the upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions. (p. 21)
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| Cerebral Hemorrhage | a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. (p. 44)
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| Closed Adoption | adoptions in which there is no contact between the birth parents and the adoptive parents. (p. 365)
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| Cocreator Perception Deficiency (CCPD) | the belief that one is either the victim of circumstances or the master of circumstances, each of which is erroneous. (p. 130)
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| Cognitive Appraisal | interpretation of a stressor. (p. 64)
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| Cohabitation | romantically involved couples living together although not married. (p. 358)
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| Cold Turkey | stopping a behavior all at once. (p. 264)
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| Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) | released by hypothalamus and results in the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone. (p. 23)
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| Cortisol | the primary glucocorticoid. (p. 24)
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| Course Overload | Having too many courses or courses too difficult to complete well during one semester. (p. 333)
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| DESC Form | a formula for verbally expressing assertiveness consisting of a description of the situation, expression of feelings, specification of preferred change, and consequences of whether or not a change is made. (p. 101)
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| Developmental Tasks | a series of life tasks that need to be achieved at various stages of life in order for the next stage of life to be happy and successful. (p. 385)
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| Diaphragmatic Breathing | deep breathing that expands the belly rather than just the chest. (p. 213)
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| Diastolic Blood Pressure | the pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the heart is relaxed. (p. 43)
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| Diencephalon | part of the subcortex responsible for regulation of the emotions. (p. 21)
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| Distress | stress that results in negative consequences such as decreased performance growth. (p. 68)
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| Distress | bad things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to a stress reaction. (p. 3)
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| Double-Blind Studies | research investigations in which neither the research subjects nor the data collectors are aware of who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group. (p. 158)
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| Dual-Career Family | a family in which both spouses work outside the home with careers of their own. (p. 363)
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| Electromyographic (EMG) Biofeedback | biofeedback that measures muscle contraction. (p. 210)
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| Emotion-Focused Coping | the use of activities to feel better about the task. (p. 320)
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| Endocrine System | comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions. (p. 23)
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| Endorphins | brain neurotransmitters that decrease pain and produce feelings of well-being. (p. 237)
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| Epinephrine | a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla. (p. 25)
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| Erotic Love (eros) | a passionate, all-enveloping type of love recognized by the heart racing and other signs of excitement. (p. 335)
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| Esophagus | the food pipe. (p. 31)
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| Essential Hypertension | hypertension with no known cause. (p. 43)
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| Ethnicity | a group of people having a common heritage such as common customs, characteristics, language, and history. (p. 280)
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| Eustress | stress that results in positive consequences such as enhanced performance or personal growth. (p. 68)
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| Eustress | good things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to a stress reaction. (p. 3)
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| Extended Family | relatives other than spouses and children. (p. 355)
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| External Locus of Control | the perception that one has little control over events that affect one's life. (p. 130)
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| Fear Hierarchy | a list of small steps through an anxiety-provoking stimulus. (p. 134)
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| Fight-or-Flight Response | the body's stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol. (p. 3)
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| Flextime | scheduling work at irregular times to meet one's lifestyle. (p. 304)
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| Foster Care | an arrangement in which temporary care for a child is provided by someone other than the birth parents. (p. 367)
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| Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) | the electrodermal response or the electrical conductance of the skin. (p. 32)
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| Gastrointestinal (GI) System | the body system responsible for digestion. (p. 31)
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| General Adaptation Syndrome | the three stages of stress reaction described by Hans Selye. (p. 3)
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| Glucocorticoids | regulate metabolism of glucose. (p. 24)
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| Gluconeogenesis | the producing of glucose from amino acids by the liver. (p. 24)
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| Gray Matter | the cerebal cortex. (p. 22)
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| Grief | the sad feelings associated with the death of a loved one. (p. 393)
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| Hardy | a state of mind and body that includes three factors: commitment, control, and challenge. (p. 137)
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| Hassles | daily interactions with the environment that are essentially negative. (p. 90)
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| Hate Crimes | crimes against people based on their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or religion. (p. 283)
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| Health Behavior | activities that are taken by people who believe themselves to be healthy and that are designed to maintain health, a subclass of lifestyle behaviors. (p. 259)
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| Hippocampus | part of the brain that "sounds the alarm" that stress is present. (p. 24)
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| Hot Reactors | people who react to stress with an all-out physiological reaction. (p. 39)
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| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | the virus that causes AIDS. (p. 287)
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| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | the virus that causes acquired immune defi ciency syndrome (AIDS). (p. 338)
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| Hydrochloric Acid | a substance found in the digestive system that helps break down food for digestion. (p. 31)
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| Hypoglycemia | a condition of low blood sugar. (p. 86)
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| Hypothalamus | part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system. (p. 21)
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| Independent Adoption | adoptions in which the birth parents select the adoptive parents and relinquish the baby to their care. (p. 366)
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| Infant Mortality | death of infants before one year of age. (p. 285)
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| Instant Calming Sequence (ICS) | a relaxation technique that elicits relaxation quickly in a five-step approach. (p. 217)
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| Intercessory Prayer | prayers that seek divine intervention either to prevent an occurrence or to help overcome it. (p. 156)
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| Internal Locus of Control | the perception that one has control over events that affect one's life. (p. 130)
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| Interventions | activities to prevent a stressor from resulting in negative consequences. (p. 64)
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| In Vivo Desensitization | a form of systematic desensitization in which the stimulus is actually encountered. (p. 135)
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| Jacobsonian Relaxation | a relaxation technique involving contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body; also called progressive relaxation or neuromuscular relaxation. (p. 196)
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| Jealousy | fear of losing one's property, such as a lover, friend, status, or power. (p. 341)
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| Koans | Unanswerable, illogical riddles used as the object of focus during meditation. (p. 170)
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| Large Intestine | part of the digestive system that receives unusable food substances from the small intestine. (p. 31)
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| Life Expectancy | the number of years a person is expected to live when born. (p. 286)
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| Lifestyle Behaviors | all of the activities in which people engage. (p. 259)
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| Limbic System | produces emotions, the "seat of emotions." (p. 22)
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| Living Will | instructions regarding the type of medical care wanted in the case of being incapacitated with a terminal disease or being in a vegetative state. (p. 396)
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| Locus of Control | the perception of the amount of control one has over events that affect one's life. (p. 260)
|
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| Ludic Love (Ludus) | a playful, fl irtatious type of love involving no long commitment. (p. 335)
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| Mandala | a geometric figure used as the object of focus during meditation. (p. 170)
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| Manic Love (Mania) | a combination of passionate love (eros) and flirtatious playing love characterized by jealousy and irrational joy that usually does not result in a long commitment. (p. 335)
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| Mantra | a word that is the focus of meditation. (p. 87)
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| Mantra | a word used as the object of focus during meditation. (p. 170)
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| Massage | a relaxation technique that involves manipulating points in the body that are muscularly tense. (p. 215)
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| Material Reinforcement | rewarding a behavior with a tangible object. (p. 262)
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| Medulla Oblongata | part of the subcortex responsible for the regulation of the heartbeat and breathing. (p. 21)
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| Memory T and B Cells | cells left in the bloodstream and the lymphatic system to recognize and respond to future attacks to the body by the same invader. (p. 41)
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| Mindfulness | focusing attention on the present moment to relax. (p. 217)
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| Mineralocorticoids | regulate the balance between sodium and potassium. (p. 24)
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| Motivational Factors | variables associated with job satisfaction; includes working on stimulating tasks, being recognized for work well done, and positive relationships with work colleagues. (p. 309)
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| Myocardial Infarction | when a part of the heart dies because of a lack of oxygen. (p. 44)
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| Nadam | imagined sounds used as the object of focus during meditation. (p. 170)
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| Neuromuscular Relaxation | a relaxation technique involving contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body; also called progressive relaxation or Jacobsonian relaxation. (p. 196)
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| Neuromuscular Relaxation | another term for progressive relaxation. (p. 5)
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| Nonassertive | giving up what one is entitled to, one's rights, in order not to upset another person. (p. 99)
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| Norepinephrine | a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla. (p. 25)
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| Nuclear Family | a married couple and their children. (p. 355)
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| Occupational Stress | the combination of sources of stress at work, individual characteristics, and extraorganizational stressors. (p. 300)
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| Open Adoption | adoptions where there is contact between the birth parents and the adoptive parents. (p. 365)
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| Oxytocin | a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. (p. 23)
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| Panic Disorder | a condition in which feelings of terror arise from unrealistic fear, resulting in symptoms such as feeling numb, sweaty, weak, and faint. (p. 132)
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy. (p. 28)
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| Perceptions | a person's cognitive interpretation of events. (p. 119)
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| Phagocytes | a type of white blood cell whose purpose is to destroy substances foreign to the body. (p. 41)
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| Physical Fitness | ability to do one's work and have energy remaining for recreational activities. Consists of muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, fl exibility, body composition, and agility. (p. 234)
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| Plaque | debris that clogs coronary arteries. (p. 44)
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| Pons | part of the subcortex responsible for regulating sleep. (p. 21)
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| Pranayama | a Hindu practice that involves breathing as the object of focus during meditation. (p. 170)
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| Preattack | synonymous with prodrome. (p. 47)
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| Primary Control | attempts to change a situation; similar to problem-focused coping. (p. 156)
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| Problem-Focused Coping | the use of activities specific to getting a task done. (p. 320)
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| Prodrome | the constriction phase of a migraine headache; also called preattack. (p. 47)
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| Progressive Relaxation | a relaxation technique involving contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body; also called neuromuscular relaxation or Jacobsonian relaxation. (p. 196)
|
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| Progressive Relaxation | a relaxation technique that involves contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body. (p. 5)
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| Pseudostressors | food substances that produce a stresslike response; also called sympathomimetics. (p. 84)
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| Psychogenic | a physical disease caused by emotional stress without a microorganism involved. (p. 40)
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| Psychoneuroimmunology | the study of the illness-causing and healing effects of the mind on the body. (p. 40)
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| Psychophysiological | synonymous with psychosomatic. (p. 39)
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| Psychosomatic | conditions that have a mind and body component. (p. 39)
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| Quieting Reflex (QR) | a six-step relaxation technique that results in relaxation in seconds. (p. 216)
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| Race | a group of people with similar physical traits, blood types, genetic patterns, and inherited characteristics. (p. 280)
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| Reflective Listening | paraphrasing the speaker's words and feelings; also called active listening. (p. 104)
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| Reflexology | a massage technique that massages a "reflex zone" in the foot in which damage to body parts is thought to be manifested. (p. 214)
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| Relaxation Response | a series of bodily changes that are the opposite of the stress reaction. (p. 5)
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| Relaxation Response | the physiological state achieved when one is relaxed; also called the trophotropic response. (p. 172)
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| Religion | an organized entity in which people have common beliefs and engage in common practices relevant to spiritual matters. (p. 154)
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| Reminder System | a means of reminding oneself to perform a particular behavior. (p. 264)
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| Reticular Activating System (RAS) | a network of nerves that connects the mind and the body. (p. 22)
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| Rheumatoid Factor | a blood protein associated with rheumatoid arthritis. (p. 51)
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| Saliva | substance in the mouth that starts to break down food. (p. 31)
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| Secondary Control | attempts to control oneself or one's emotional reactions; similar to emotion-focused coping. (p. 156)
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| Self-Contracting | making a contract with oneself to change a behavior. (p. 263)
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| Self-Esteem | how highly one regards oneself. (p. 129)
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| Self-Monitoring | the process of observing and recording behavior. (p. 261)
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| Sexual Harassment | unwelcome sexually related actions that interfere with work performance. (p. 316)
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| Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital warts that are transmitted through sexual activity. (p. 339)
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| Shaping | changing a behavior a little bit at a time. (p. 264)
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| Shiatsu | acupressure massage. (p. 215)
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| Shyness | to be afraid of people and being worried of what strangers and powerful others think of oneself. (p. 340)
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| Significant Other | another person who is important to an individual. (p. 263)
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| Single-Parent Families | families in which the father or the mother is absent because of divorce, marital separation, out-of-wedlock pregnancy, or death. (p. 360)
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| Skeletal Muscles | muscles attached to bones. (p. 32)
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| Small Intestine | part of the digestive system into which the esophagus empties. (p. 31)
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| Smooth Muscles | muscles that control the contraction of internal organs. (p. 32)
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| Social Phobia | overwhelming fear and excessive self-consciousness in everyday situations; a chronic fear of being watched by others and not performing well. Fear of public speaking is an example. (p. 132)
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| Social Reinforcement | rewarding a behavior with social approval by someone else. (p. 262)
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| Social Support | the presence of significant others with whom to discuss stressors. (p. 89)
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| Somatogenic | a psychosomatic disease that results from the mind increasing the body's susceptibility to disease-causing microbes or natural degenerative processes. (p. 40)
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| Specific Phobia | an intense fear of a specific situation that poses little or no actual danger. Fear of elevators is an example. (p. 133)
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| Sphygmomanometer | an instrument used to measure blood pressure. (p. 43)
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| Spiritual Disease | a condition in which people are not true to their spiritual selves and are living a "life story" that is inconsistent with their beliefs and values. (p. 162)
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| Spiritual Health | adherence to religious doctrine; the ability to discover and express one's purpose in life; to experience love, joy, peace, and fullfillment; or to achieve and help others to achieve full potential. (p. 153)
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| Spirituality | a person's view of life's meaning, direction, purpose, and connectedness to other things, other people, and the past and future. (p. 154)
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| State Anxiety | anxiety that is either temporary in nature or specific to a particular stimulus. (p. 131)
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| Storgic Love (Storge) | a calm, companionate type of love conceiving of a long commitment. (p. 335)
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| Stressor | something with the potential to cause a stress reaction. (p. 3)
|
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|
| Stroke | a lack of oxygen to the brain resulting from a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel; also called apoplexy. (p. 44)
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| Subcortex | the lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive. (p. 21)
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| Suppressor T Cells | cells whose purpose is to halt the immune response. (p. 41)
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy. (p. 28)
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| Sympathomimetics | synonymous with pseudostressors. (p. 84)
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| Systematic Desensitization | either imagining or encountering an anxiety-provoking stimulus while practicing relaxation. (p. 134)
|
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| Systolic Blood Pressure | the pressure of the blood as it leaves the heart. (p. 43)
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| T Cells | a type of lymphocyte whose purpose is to destroy substances foreign to the body by puncturing invaded body cells and killing the cells and foreign substances. (p. 41)
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| T-Lymphocytes | a part of the immune system that destroys mutant cells. (p. 49)
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| Tai Chi | an exercise and relaxation technique developed in China that involves focused, slow, rhythmic movement. (p. 219)
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| Tailoring | making a behavior change program specific to the life of the individual. (p. 262)
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| Target Heart Rate Range | the maximal heart rate while exercising. (p. 240)
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| Temporomandibular (TMJ) Syndrome | the interference with the smooth functioning of the jaw. (p. 52)
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| Thalamus | part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex. (p. 21)
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| Thermal Biofeedback | biofeedback that measures temperature. (p. 210)
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| Thyroid Gland | an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone thyroxin. (p. 26)
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| Thyrotropic Hormone (TTH) | stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin. (p. 23)
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| Thyrotropic Hormone Releasing Factor (TRF) | released by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyrotropic hormone. (p. 23)
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| Trait Anxiety | a general sense of anxiety not specific to a particular stimulus. (p. 131)
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| Transcendental Meditation (TM) | a relaxation technique involving the use of a sanskrit word as the object of focus. (p. 170)
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| Trophotropic Response | the physiological state achieved when one is relaxed; also called the relaxation response. (p. 172)
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| Type A Behavior Pattern | a cluster of behaviors associated with the development of coronary heart disease. (p. 125)
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| Type A | a behavior pattern associated with the development of coronary heart disease. (p. 45)
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| Type B Behavior Pattern | behavior pattern that is not excessively competitive, no free-fl oating hostility and no sense of time urgency. Also develops coronary heart disease. (p. 126)
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| Uplifts | positive events that make us feel good. (p. 90)
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| Vasopressin (ADH) | a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. (p. 23)
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| Workaholic | immersing oneself nonwork activities. (p. 310)
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| Years of Potential Life Lost | the number of years between person is expected to live and the age of death; a measure death. (p. 286)
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| Yoga | a set of Hindu relaxation techniques. (p. 216)
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