| branding | A marketing function that identifies products and their source and differentiates them from all other products.
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| demarketing | Term coined during energy shortage of the 1970s and 1980s when advertising was used to slow the demand for products.
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| industrial age | A historical period covering approximately the first seventy years of the twentieth century. This period was marked by tremendous growth and maturation of the U.S.
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| industrializing age | The period of time from the mid- 1700s through the end of World War I when manufacturers were principally concerned with production.
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| market segmentation | Strategy of identifying groups of people or organizations with certain shared needs and characteristics within the broad markets for consumer or business products and aggregating these groups into larger market segments according to their mutual interest in the product's utility.
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| positioning strategy | An effective way to separate a particular brand from its competitors by associating that brand with a particular set of customer needs.
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| postindustrial age | Period of cataclysmic change, starting in about 1980, when people first became truly aware of the sensitivity of the environment in which we live.
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| preindustrial age | Period of time between the beginning of written history and roughly the start of the nineteenth century, during which the invention of paper and the printing press and increased literacy gave rise to the first forms of written advertising.
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