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| 1 | |
The study of the genetic history of populations can provide information on |
| | A) | origins of populations |
| | B) | relationship between historical events and genetic outcomes |
| | C) | invasions and migrations of populations |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 2 | |
When is it generally believed that Native Americans migrated to the New World from Asia? |
| | A) | 5,000-10,000 years ago |
| | B) | 12,000-15,00 years ago |
| | C) | 15,000-20,000 years ago |
| | D) | 500,000-1 million years ago |
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| 3 | |
Genetic evidence used to answer the question of how many migration events occurred from Asia to the New World relies on |
| | A) | Y-chromosome polymorphisms |
| | B) | physical traits such as shovel-shaped incisors |
| | C) | mitochondrial DNA haplotypes |
| | D) | Y-chromosome polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes |
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| 4 | |
Although not all genetic studies support this theory, the "slow boat" model for Polynesian origins is most likely because |
| | A) | most studies show no gene flow between Melanesians and Polynesians |
| | B) | most studies show mixing with Melanesians in modern Polynesian populations |
| | C) | most studies show common genetic patterns between Polynesians and Southeast Asians only |
| | D) | mtDNA showing maternal ancestry demonstrates strong evidence for Melanesian gene flow into Polynesian populations |
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| 5 | |
The studies of Relethford and Crawford (1995) on biological variation among Irish populations revealed what genetic pattern? |
| | A) | all populations across Ireland were genetically similar |
| | B) | Eastern and Western populations were more similar to each other than to other populations |
| | C) | Northern and Southern populations were more similar to each other than to other populations |
| | D) | Midland populations were genetically distinct from the rest of the populations |
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| 6 | |
The genetic patterns of these Irish populations is probably due to |
| | A) | invasion and settlement |
| | B) | birth rate |
| | C) | genetic drift |
| | D) | geography |
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| 7 | |
People from the midland counties of Ireland are genetically closer to which people than to those of other counties in Ireland? |
| | A) | Norway and Denmark |
| | B) | Portugal |
| | C) | England |
| | D) | North Africa |
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| 8 | |
The specific question of the identity of Anna Anderson, and whether she was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, was resolved through which type of genetic analysis? |
| | A) | mtDNA analysis |
| | B) | Y-chromosome analysis |
| | C) | anthropometrics |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 9 | |
Paternal ancestry, such as that used to establish the identity of Eston Hemmings, can be investigated using what type of genetic analysis? |
| | A) | mtDNA analysis |
| | B) | Y-chromosome analysis |
| | C) | anthropometrics |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 10 | |
An analysis of genetic ancestry found that the male descendents of Eston Hemmings have the same Y-chromosome haplotypes as the male descendents of Field Jefferson (Thomas Jefferson's paternal uncle). This demonstrates that |
| | A) | Thomas Jefferson was Eston Hemmings' father |
| | B) | Thomas Jefferson was NOT Eston Hemmings' father |
| | C) | Eston Hemmings' father had the same Y-chromosome haplotype as Thomas Jefferson |
| | D) | Eston Hemmings' father was not in the male Jefferson lineage |
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| 11 | |
The presence of a common Y-chromosome haplotype among men from different populations in Asia suggests |
| | A) | all Asian men share identical y-chromosome haplotypes |
| | B) | Genghis Khan and his men propagated this y-chromosome haplotype by fathering many male children and killing their enemies |
| | C) | Mongolian men have a unique Y-chromosome haplotype |
| | D) | Genghis Khan may not have traveled as far as historical records suggest |
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| 12 | |
Genghis Khan's genetic legacy is significant because |
| | A) | it illustrates the hardiness of the unique Mongolian Y-chromosome haplotype |
| | B) | it supports natural selection by demonstrating the evolutionary value of aggressive behavior |
| | C) | it shows social selection by demonstrating the disproportionate genetic influence of a single male |
| | D) | it demonstrates how genetic data can undermine historical data |
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| 13 | |
The correlation between cultural identity and biological ancestry may be characterized as |
| | A) | biological ancestry determines cultural identity |
| | B) | biological ancestry is a more accurate definition of one's group identification than cultural identity |
| | C) | both A and B |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 14 | |
The study of allele frequencies within African American populations indicates that |
| | A) | present-day African Americans share a distinct genetic ancestral makeup |
| | B) | there is a consistent percentage of European ancestry among African American |
| | C) | a population that identifies with an African American cultural identity may represent a diverse genetic ancestry |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 15 | |
The presence of European alleles in self-identified African Americans illustrates |
| | A) | social barriers to gene flow |
| | B) | that "white" and "black" are clear racial categories |
| | C) | the confusion between genetic ancestry and cultural identity |
| | D) | the difficulty of establishing African American genetic makeup |
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| 16 | |
The Lemba of southern Africa show genetic similarities to Jewish populations due to |
| | A) | their practice of Jewish customs |
| | B) | gene flow from Sub-Saharan African populations |
| | C) | gene flow from Jewish women over 2,000 years ago |
| | D) | gene flow from Jewish traders over 2,000 years ago |
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| 17 | |
A Middle Eastern person with genetic similarities to Middle Eastern Jews is |
| | A) | Jewish |
| | B) | a descendant of common Semitic ancestors with Middle Eastern Jews |
| | C) | considered Jewish if their father was identified as Jewish |
| | D) | Ashkenazic |
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| 18 | |
Generally, there is common agreement among researchers supporting an Asian origin of Native Americans, but debate persists concerning the number of migrations. Which answer below best supports current available research information? |
| | A) | 2 migrations are supported by specific mutations in mtDNA haplotypes found in Siberia and East Asia |
| | B) | mtDNA analysis remains inconclusive |
| | C) | haplotype analysis conclusively supports a single migration |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 19 | |
Comparison of genetic ancestry and cultural identity |
| | A) | is a precise science |
| | B) | illustrates great disparity and complexity |
| | C) | shows both genetically and culturally, that people know who they are |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 20 | |
Native Americans are closest genetically to which group? |
| | A) | Northern Europeans |
| | B) | Polynesians |
| | C) | Northeast Asians |
| | D) | Melanesians |
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