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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Acclimation
A)refers to short-term changes that occur very quickly after exposure to stress
B)refers to physiologic changes that take longer after exposure to stress
C)includes both short and long-term changes
D)none of these
2
Stress is
A)a normal, healthy condition
B)any factor that interferes with the normal limits of operation of an organism
C)causes adaptations to restore homeostasis
D)any factor that interferes with the normal limits of operation of an organism AND causes adaptations to restore homeostasis
3
Vasoconstriction
A)involves a narrowing of blood vessels
B)involves the opening of blood vessels
C)is associated with cold stress
D)involves a narrowing of blood vessels AND is associated with cold stress
4
Heat stress means that the human body is not removing heat quickly enough. Which of the following are associated with heat loss?
A)radiation
B)convection
C)conduction
D)all of these
5
Bergmann's rule states that
A)two mammals having similar shapes but different sizes implies that the smaller animal will lose heat more rapidly and be better adapted to warmer climates
B)if two mammals are similar in size, the more linear shape will lose heat more rapidly
C)larger animals lose hear more rapidly
D)two mammals having similar shapes but different sizes implies that the smaller animal will lose heat more rapidly and be better adapted to warmer climates AND if two mammals are similar in size, the more linear shape will lose heat more rapidly
6
Arctic Inuit (Eskimos) have culturally adapted to cold stress by
A)wearing layered clothing
B)frequently constructing temporary show shelters
C)using underground entries in permanent structures
D)all of these
7
Moran (1982) has summarized basic principles of clothing and shelter used in desert environments involving the following objectives:
A)reduction of heat production
B)reduction of heat gain from radiation
C)increasing evaporation
D)all of these
8
High altitude stress can involve which of the following?
A)oxygen saturation
B)occasional poor nutrition
C)oxygen starvation
D)occasional poor nutrition and oxygen starvation
9
Hypoxia is associated with
A)a skin disorder caused by a tropical parasite
B)a blood abnormality found in arctic conditions
C)high altitudes and oxygen starvation
D)an intestinal parasite
10
It is important to understand the diet of hunting and gathering societies because
A)most of our biological evolution took place in this type of environment
B)hunting and gathering diets are similar to ours in many ways
C)hunters and gathers have superior diets to ours
D)hunters and gathers diets help us to understand the quality of our diet
11
Malnutrition refers to
A)diets deficient in calories
B)diets lacking proteins or other nutrients
C)diets with too much food
D)all of these
12
Plasticity refers to
A)an organism's ability to contort itself easily
B)the ability to change the shape of the mouth
C)the ability of organisms to respond physiologically or developmentally to environmental stress
D)unusual properties of the human skin found in certain environments
13
Which of the following is a characteristic of cold stress?
A)the body losing heat too rapidly
B)increasing body heat through shivering
C)constriction of blood vessels
D)all of these
14
When experiencing heat stress, evaporation can have serious drawbacks. These may include:
A)removing too much water from the body can be harmful or fatal
B)evaporation is affected by humidity and is less efficient in humid environments
C)it can cause serious odor problems
D)removing too much water from the body can be harmful or fatal AND evaporation is affected by humidity and is less efficient in humid environments
15
Allan's rule states that
A)mammals in cold climates tend to have short, bulky limbs
B)mammals in hot climates tend to have short, bulky limbs
C)mammals in cold climates tend to have long, slender limbs
D)none of these
16
Cephalic index refers to
A)the potential for developing joint disorders
B)a measure of cranial shape
C)a heat index
D)a measure of the ratio of hand to foot size
17
Which of the following are true about warm climate shelters?
A)they tend to be built compactly, minimizing surface area
B)light external colors tend to reflect heat
C)interiors are kept cool in the daytime by closing doors and windows
D)all of these
18
Which of the following are high altitude stresses?
A)greater concentrations of ultraviolet radiation
B)thinner air causing excessive heat loss
C)low humidity caused by mountain winds
D)all of these
19
Physiologic response to hypoxia includes
A)initial increased respiration with a return to normal after a few days
B)increased red blood cell production
C)reduced hemoglobin concentration in the blood
D)A and B
20
A 1990 study focusing on maturation and the small stature of Peruvians found which of the following?
A)nutrition has had a major influence on stature
B)income levels and access to land are of greater consequence than high altitude
C)growth deficits is not necessarily related to high altitude
D)all of these





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