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Multiple Choice
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1
Which of the following designs use a reversal demonstrates the reversibility of a manipulation?
A)reversal design
B)ABA design
C)ABAB design
D)all of these
2
In which type of multiple baseline design are several different behaviors of a single subject measured over time?
A)across situations
B)across subjects
C)across behaviors
D)across variables
3
Which type of program evaluation study examines whether there are problems that need to be addressed in the target population?
A)needs assessment
B)program theory assessment
C)process evaluation assessment
D)efficiency assessment
4
Determining that the program design is based on a model that addresses the needs of the target population is called a (an) __________ assessment.
A)needs
B)program theory
C)process evaluation
D)efficiency
5
Once it is shown that a program does have its intended effect, researchers conduct a program evaluation called a(n) __________ assessment to determine if the program is "worth it."
A)process evaluation
B)efficiency
C)impact
D)program monitoring
6
One internal validity problem with a __________ is that it lacks a control or comparison method.
A)one-group pretest-posttest design
B)non-equivalent design
C)one-group posttest only design
D)independent groups design
7
Which of the following is a potential alternative explanation for the findings of a one-group pretest-posttest design study?
A)maturation and history
B)testing and instrument decay
C)statistical regression
D)all of these
8
To test the effectiveness of a special new diet program, a healthcare worker recruited 10 participants into the program. The researcher studied the amount of weight change that occurred over a two month period and then measured their weight change at the end of one month. This is an example of which type of research design?
A)one-group posttest only design
B)one-group pretest posttest design
C)single case design
D)factorial design
9
An educator wanted to test the effectiveness of a new testing method in reducing test anxiety. The anxiety level of students was measured before the test began and then 30-minutes later. Just after the test began, a boy accidentally slipped off his chair and all the children laughed. This example best refers to ___________ as an alternative explanation for the research findings.
A)maturation
B)testing
C)history
D)instrument decay
10
__________ is defined as any time-related factor, such as fatigue, hunger or boredom that might result in a change between the pretest and posttest measures of the dependent variable.
A)maturation
B)statistical regression
C)history
D)instrument decay
11
Statistical regression is likely to occur whenever participants are _________.
A)allowed to self-select their assignment to experimental condition
B)selected because of their extremely high or low pretest scores
C)subjected to different measurement scales on the pretest and posttest measures
D)all of these
12
In a nonequivalent control group design, __________ is an internal validity problem.
A)the lack of a comparison group
B)test sensitization
C)selection differences
D)demand characteristics
13
The difference between a one-group pretest posttest design and an interrupted time series design is that the interrupted time series design __________.
A)uses a posttest control group
B)requires multiple comparison groups
C)measures the variable over an extended period of time
D)incorporates several one-group pretest measures
14
In a single-case experimental design, the observation of a participant's behavior before the manipulated treatment is referred to as a __________.
A)timed-series control measurement
B)preexperimental control treatment
C)reversal control measurement
D)baseline control period
15
Which of the following methods involves studying persons of different ages at only one point in time?
A)cross-sectional method
B)longitudinal method
C)control method
D)both b and c





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