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Multiple Choice
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1
__________ are used to infer that the results from a sample are reflective of the true population scores.
A)Descriptive statistics
B)Regression statistics
C)Correlated statistics
D)Inferential statistics
2
When comparing group means, the _________ states that group means are equal.
A)sampling distribution
B)probability distribution
C)null hypothesis
D)research hypothesis
3
A sampling distribution is __________.
A)based on the assumption the null hypothesis is true
B)a probability distribution
C)specified by the null hypothesis
D)all of these
4
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The analysis of variance is an extension of the t-test.
B)When a study has only one independent variable with two groups, F and t2 are identical.
C)The smaller the F ratio, the more likely the results are significant.
D)Degrees of freedom are the number of scores free to vary once the means are known.
5
The F statistic is a ratio of two types of variance: __________ variance and error variance.
A)random
B)individual
C)true
D)systematic
6
Cohen's d expresses effect size in terms of _________.
A)standard deviation units
B)range units
C)mean units
D)variance units
7
A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is _________.
A)rejected and the research hypothesis is true
B)accepted but the research hypothesis is actually true
C)rejected but the null hypothesis is actually true
D)accepted but the null hypothesis is actually false
8
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)A very low significance level increases the chances of a Type I error.
B)If the effect size is small, a Type II error is unlikely.
C)When the null hypothesis is rejected, the population means are equal.
D)True differences are more likely to be detected if the sample size is large.
9
If a mechanic looks at your car engine and says there is nothing wrong with it and your car breaks down when you leave the garage, what type of error did the mechanic make?
A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Systematic error
D)Matrix error
10
If the null hypothesis was rejected and there was 1 chance out of 100 that the decision was wrong, what was the alpha level in the study?
A).01
B).10
C).001
D).100
11
The probability of a Type II error is related to __________.
A)sample size
B)significance level (alpha)
C)effect size
D)all of these
12
Which of the following is NOT a reason for a Type II error?
A)incomprehensive instructions to participants
B)a very weak manipulation of the independent variable
C)using a dependent measure that is unreliable and insensitive
D)large sample size
13
Dr. P is using a t-test to compare the means of two groups. There are 25 participants in each group. How many degrees of freedom are there in this test?
A)23
B)25
C)48
D)50
14
How is the power of a statistical test related to the probability of a Type II error?
A)Power = 1 + Type II error
B)Power = Type II error x alpha level
C)Power = alpha level + Type II error
D)Power = 1 - Type II error
15
Which of the following is NOT a major statistical software program?
A)XSPS
B)SPSS
C)SAS
D)Minitab





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