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Multiple Choice
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1
When using the experimental method, a researcher ___________.
A)manipulates the confounding variable
B)keeps all variables except the independent variable constant
C)manipulates the dependent variable
D)keeps the independent variable constant
2
A variable that varies along with the independent variable is called a _________.
A)miscellaneous variable
B)secondary variable
C)confounding variable
D)constant variable
3
When the results of an experiment can confidently be attributed to the effect of the independent variable, the experiment is said to have __________.
A)external validity
B)control validity
C)experiment validity
D)internal validity
4
Which of the following are two forms of the basic, simple experimental design?
A)pretest-only design; posttest-one group design
B)posttest-only design; pretest-two group design
C)pretest-posttest design; single case design
D)posttest-only design; pretest-posttest design
5
___________ is used to achieve equivalence between groups of participants.
A)Random assignment
B)Random selection
C)Probability sampling
D)Simple random sampling
6
The dropout factor in experiments is referred to as __________.
A)subject reduction
B)subject confounding
C)mortality
D)loss rate
7
Which of the following is a disadvantage to using pretests?
A)It may be time consuming and awkward to administer in the context of the experimental procedures being used.
B)It can sensitize participants to what is being studied and enable them to figure out the hypothesis.
C)Participants may react to the manipulation differently than those that did not experience the pretest.
D)all of the these
8
A Solomon four-group design is __________.
A)a combination of both the posttest only and pretest-posttest designs
B)used when there are four independent variables
C)used to assess the impact of selection bias
D)a combination of random assignment and random selection
9
There are __________ basic ways of assigning participants to experimental conditions.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
10
In an experiment examining the impact of noise on memory, participants were asked to recall a list of words in a noisy room and then were asked to recall a list of words in a quiet room. This is an example of a(an) ________________ design.
A)independent groups
B)Solomon four-group
C)repeated measures
D)counterbalanced square
11
A repeated measures design is __________ likely to detect an effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable than an independent groups design.
A)more
B)less
C)equally
D)just as
12
Which of the following is a type of order effect?
A)performance effect
B)fatigue effect
C)condition effect
D)all of these
13
An average looking person is rated as less attractive if the rating is made after viewing a highly attractive person. This is an example of when a __________ effect occurs, it means that the effect of the first treatment has carried over to influence the response to the second treatment.
A)performance
B)practice
C)fatigue
D)contrast
14
A technique to control for order effects without having all possible orders is __________.
A)analysis of covariance
B)Latin square
C)analysis of variance
D)counterbalancing
15
In which experimental design are people first matched on a participant characteristic?
A)matched pairs design
B)independent groups design
C)repeated measures design
D)individual difference design





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