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| 1 | |
Social psychology lies at psychology's boundary with |
| | A) | sociology. |
| | B) | cultural anthropology. |
| | C) | biological anthropology. |
| | D) | sociobiology. |
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| 2 | |
In the Dartmouth versus Princeton study discussed in the text, each group saw a greater number of violations in their school's football game than the other group reported. This supports the idea that |
| | A) | football fans have poor observational skills. |
| | B) | there is an objective reality, BUT it is shaped by individual values. |
| | C) | fans from Dartmouth made more observational errors than Princeton fans. |
| | D) | fans from Princeton made more observational errors than Dartmouth fans. |
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| 3 | |
Social psychology has been charged with being both _______________ and _______________. |
| | A) | dangerous; wrong. |
| | B) | obvious; wrong. |
| | C) | trivial; dangerous. |
| | D) | obvious; useless. |
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| 4 | |
One reason you may not study so hard for your first test in this class is because |
| | A) | you believe you are too smart for the class. |
| | B) | you want to fail out of school. |
| | C) | who cares about GPA anyway? |
| | D) | social psychology seems obvious because of the hindsight bias. |
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| 5 | |
An aspect of a good theory is that it makes certain testable predictions. These are called |
| | A) | theories. |
| | B) | facts. |
| | C) | hypotheses. |
| | D) | predictions. |
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| 6 | |
A theory is discarded when |
| | A) | it is proven false. |
| | B) | new data fail to prove that it is true. |
| | C) | a better theory replaces it. |
| | D) | the phenomenon the new theory is considered to be a fact. |
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| 7 | |
Researcher Lawrence Kohlberg argues that a child's gender development is directly related to his/her cognitive development. This observation is called a(n) |
| | A) | hypothesis. |
| | B) | theory. |
| | C) | fact. |
| | D) | experiment. |
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| 8 | |
Researchers hypothesize that people who drive SUVs are bullies. Researchers set up a hidden camera by a four-point stop sign and observe what kind of car/driver is more likely to stop fully and/or not yield to the other driver's right-of-way. What kind of study is this? |
| | A) | a laboratory experiment. |
| | B) | a naturalistic observation. |
| | C) | a case study. |
| | D) | a correlational study. |
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| 9 | |
Zajonc was interested in whether the mere presence of others affected individual behavior. For his study, individuals were brought in and asked to make a speech to either an empty room or a room with five people in it. This type of study is best described as |
| | A) | an experiment. |
| | B) | a naturalistic observation. |
| | C) | a case study. |
| | D) | a correlational study. |
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| 10 | |
To show causality, researchers must use a(n) ______________ design. |
| | A) | correlational |
| | B) | case study |
| | C) | naturalistic observation |
| | D) | experimental |
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| 11 | |
A study finds that kids who have a lot of electrical appliances are also more likely to use birth control. From this, we can conclude |
| | A) | that a high use of electricity causes teens to use birth control. |
| | B) | nothing about causality. |
| | C) | that using birth control makes you buy electrical appliances. |
| | D) | why poor people, who can't afford appliances, don't use birth control. |
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| 12 | |
A correlational design tells us |
| | A) | that variable A causes variable B. |
| | B) | that variable B causes variable A. |
| | C) | the relationship between two variables. |
| | D) | that when variable A increases, variable B must decrease. |
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| 13 | |
If every person in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study, the researchers are using a _______________ method of selection. |
| | A) | representative |
| | B) | random |
| | C) | communal |
| | D) | cross-cultural |
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| 14 | |
If White Americans make up 50 percent of the population, random sampling should yield roughly _______________ percent White Americans in the experimental sample. |
| | A) | 50 |
| | B) | 75 |
| | C) | 100 |
| | D) | 0 |
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| 15 | |
Researchers examined the effects of the number of bystanders likely to help a stranger in distress. Either alone or in the company of others, a subject witnessed an individual in need of help. Researchers then measured how likely the subject was to help the distressed individual. In this example, the number of bystanders would be the |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | random variable. |
| | D) | confounding variable. |
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| 16 | |
Researchers were interested in the relationship between the amount of violent television programs watched and observable acts of aggressive behavior by children towards others. They separated subjects into three groups: Group One watched 5 hours a week of violent programs; Group Two watched 10 hours a week of violent programming; and Group Three watched 15 hours a week of violent television shows. Researchers then polled the parents or teachers on the children's observable aggressive behavior. In this example, aggressive behavior would be the |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | random variable. |
| | D) | confounding variable. |
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| 17 | |
It has been found that children who have encyclopedias in their homes get better grades in school than children without encyclopedias. Can you conclude that using an encyclopedia makes children do better in school? |
| | A) | Yes, this is an experimental study and encyclopedias are the independent variable. |
| | B) | Yes, this is a correlational study and the correlation is a strong positive one. |
| | C) | No, this is a correlational study; something other than encyclopedias might help grades. |
| | D) | No, this is an experiment, but there is no control group. |
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| 18 | |
An investigator who wishes to study the attitudes of people in Illinois selects 1,000 people in Illinois, taking care that the percentages of male and female, Black and White, young and old, are the same in the sample as in the state's total population. What kind of sample is the investigator trying to obtain? |
| | A) | an independent sample |
| | B) | a dependent sample |
| | C) | a random sample |
| | D) | a representative sample |
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| 19 | |
Landers (1988) found a positive association between adolescents' preference for heavy metal music and their having favorable attitudes to premarital sex, pornography, satanism, and drug and alcohol use. What type of study was this? |
| | A) | an experiment |
| | B) | a quasi-experiment |
| | C) | a case study |
| | D) | a correlational study |
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| 20 | |
Every social-psychological experiment has two essential ingredients: control and |
| | A) | random sampling. |
| | B) | random assignment. |
| | C) | representative sampling. |
| | D) | a confounding variable. |
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