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| 1 | |
Abbey has found that males are likely to attribute a woman's friendliness to an expression of sexual interest. Women report this is a(n) |
| | A) | misattribution. |
| | B) | suspicious schema. |
| | C) | hostile attributional bias. |
| | D) | sign of lower intelligence. |
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| 2 | |
After instilling a specific belief in a group of participants, how can one reduce or eliminate belief perseverance? |
| | A) | Instruct the participants to be as objective and unbiased as possible. |
| | B) | Present visual stimuli to participants that strongly discredits the belief that they hold. |
| | C) | Have a trusted authority figure discredit the belief of the participants. |
| | D) | Have the participants explain why an opposite belief might be true. |
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| 3 | |
Your friend just took a new job. She meets you for drinks after her first week on the job and complains about her boss. This surprises you because you've never heard her complain about a boss before, and she rarely complains in general. Kelley argues that this information helps us explain her behavior because her behavior toward her boss is |
| | A) | consistent. |
| | B) | consensus. |
| | C) | correspondent. |
| | D) | distinctive. |
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| 4 | |
A student is told to give a speech in favor of the death penalty. After the speech, the class is informed that the speaker was told to present only that side (in favor) of the issue. Even so, the class overwhelmingly believes that the speaker believes in the death penalty. This illustrates |
| | A) | the actor/observer effect. |
| | B) | the self-serving bias. |
| | C) | the fundamental attribution error. |
| | D) | correspondence. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the below techniques has been shown to successfully reduce the overconfidence bias? |
| | A) | Instructing people to be as objective, accurate, and unbiased as possible. |
| | B) | Forcing people to consider disconfirming evidence. |
| | C) | Encouraging people to underestimate their confidence. |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 6 | |
Due to counterfactual thinking, which of the following statements is correct? |
| | A) | Silver medalists exhibit more joy than bronze medalists. |
| | B) | Bronze medalists exhibit more joy than silver medalists. |
| | C) | Bronze medalists exhibit more joy than gold medalists. |
| | D) | None of these |
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| 7 | |
People are less inclined to help those on welfare because of |
| | A) | the suspicion schema. |
| | B) | the actor/observer effect. |
| | C) | the self-serving bias. |
| | D) | the fundamental attribution error. |
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| 8 | |
Researchers have found that people remember their past relationships and experiences far more favorably after time passes than they felt while the experience was occurring. This is due to |
| | A) | the fundamental attribution error. |
| | B) | rosy retrospection. |
| | C) | the actor/observer effect. |
| | D) | the self-serving bias. |
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| 9 | |
If I told you that you were going to meet someone "warm," the odds are you would enjoy your contact with them. Conversely, if I introduced you to someone I described as "cold," you'd most likely not want to talk to them. This illustrates |
| | A) | the suspicion schema. |
| | B) | anchoring. |
| | C) | priming. |
| | D) | the foot-in-the-door technique. |
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| 10 | |
If on day one you had written down the grade you expected to receive on your first exam in this class, you, and most of your classmates, would most likely write down an A. This is due to |
| | A) | overconfidence. |
| | B) | bad grading. |
| | C) | the self-serving bias. |
| | D) | the self-fulfilling prophecy |
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| 11 | |
A thinking strategy that enables quick efficient judgments is |
| | A) | a deliberate strategy. |
| | B) | always a correct one. |
| | C) | a heuristic. |
| | D) | a correspondence error. |
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| 12 | |
The tendency to believe that someone belongs to a specific group if they look like a typical member of that group is the |
| | A) | availability heuristic. |
| | B) | representative heuristic. |
| | C) | confirmation bias. |
| | D) | belief perseverance. |
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| 13 | |
If you see a man driving down the street in a VW bug with a surfboard out the back of his car, you are likely to think he is a surfer. This is because of |
| | A) | the availability heuristic. |
| | B) | the confirmation bias. |
| | C) | belief perseverance. |
| | D) | the representative heuristic. |
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| 14 | |
Use of heuristics may lead to |
| | A) | biases. |
| | B) | always being wrong. |
| | C) | always being right. |
| | D) | the confirmation bias. |
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| 15 | |
After the Columbine shootings, people were more likely to overestimate the amount of teen violence and to fear school violence. This is because of |
| | A) | the confirmation bias. |
| | B) | the availability heuristic. |
| | C) | belief perseverance. |
| | D) | the representative heuristic. |
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| 16 | |
After the movie Jaws came out, and again in the early 1990s after Summer of the Shark, many people were afraid to go in the ocean. This is due to |
| | A) | the representative heuristic. |
| | B) | belief perseverance. |
| | C) | the availability heuristic. |
| | D) | the confirmation bias. |
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| 17 | |
"It always rains after I wash the car." This statement is an example of |
| | A) | inferential statistics. |
| | B) | the confirmation bias. |
| | C) | an illusory correlation. |
| | D) | a positive correlation. |
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| 18 | |
"No matter what line I'm in, it's always the longest." This statement is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | a positive correlation. |
| | B) | the confirmation bias. |
| | C) | a negative correlation. |
| | D) | illusory correlation. |
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| 19 | |
You believe that Friday the 13th is bad luck. Sure enough, every Friday the 13th bad things happen to you. Why might this be? |
| | A) | illusory correlation |
| | B) | self-fulfilling prophecy |
| | C) | the confirmation bias |
| | D) | belief perseverance |
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| 20 | |
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is a(n) |
| | A) | illusory correlation. |
| | B) | correspondent inference. |
| | C) | self-fulfilling prophecy. |
| | D) | belief perseverance. |
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