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| 1 | |
When psychologists speak of life-span development, they are referring to an approach that emphasizes __________. |
| | A) | child development, specifically. |
| | B) | humanity's historical development. |
| | C) | only the periods of the human life span involving growth. |
| | D) | both the periods of the human life span involving both growth and those involving decline. |
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| 2 | |
The upper boundary of the human life span has historically been, and continues to be, __________ years. |
| | A) | 100. |
| | B) | 101. |
| | C) | 112. |
| | D) | 122. |
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| 3 | |
Whether or not intellectual skills can still be improved through education for individuals in their 70s is a question of __________. |
| | A) | normative age-graded influences. |
| | B) | plasticity. |
| | C) | multidirectionality. |
| | D) | normative life events. |
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| 4 | |
Developmental psychologists suggest that some characteristics develop and change over time. Which characteristic of development does this suggest? |
| | A) | Development is contextual. |
| | B) | Development is plastic. |
| | C) | Development is studied by a number of disciplines. |
| | D) | Development is multidirectional. |
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| 5 | |
Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life and are usually not applicable to many people are called __________. |
| | A) | normative history-graded influences. |
| | B) | normative age-graded influences. |
| | C) | nonnormative life events. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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| 6 | |
Of all the periods in human development, which one involves the most physical growth? |
| | A) | Adolescence. |
| | B) | Middle and late childhood. |
| | C) | Infancy. |
| | D) | Prenatal period. |
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| 7 | |
Baltes and his colleagues assert that the mastery of life often involves conflicts and competition among three goals of human development: __________. |
| | A) | influences, life events, and plasticity. |
| | B) | growth, maintenance, and regulation. |
| | C) | growth, decline, and plasticity. |
| | D) | influences, growth, and regulation. |
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| 8 | |
Sociocultural contexts include five important concepts: context, culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender. Which of these five concepts could be defined as "the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation"? |
| | A) | Context. |
| | B) | Culture. |
| | C) | Ethnicity. |
| | D) | None of these. |
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| 9 | |
Psychologists have learned that the ability to control one's environment can have a powerful effect on an individual's health. They have also learned that poor health can influence intellectual functioning. This is an example of __________. |
| | A) | a biological process. |
| | B) | a cognitive process. |
| | C) | a social process. |
| | D) | the joint influence of biological and cognitive processes. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cognitive process? |
| | A) | an infant watching a colorful mobile swing above his crib. |
| | B) | an adolescent solving a crossword puzzle. |
| | C) | an infant's smile in response to her mother's touch. |
| | D) | a child memorizing a poem. |
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| 11 | |
According to the text, most of the family policies in the United States are overwhelmingly __________. |
| | A) | preventative programs. |
| | B) | linked to lawmakers' narrow views of "family values." |
| | C) | treatment-oriented. |
| | D) | supportive of traditional family life. |
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| 12 | |
_________ is the social policy concern addressing the idea that an aging society is being unfair to its younger members. |
| | A) | Intergenerational strife. |
| | B) | Generational inequity. |
| | C) | Intergenerational inequality. |
| | D) | Generational strife. |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following statements regarding developmentalists and their positions on the issues of nature–nurture, continuity–discontinuity, and stability–change is TRUE? |
| | A) | Most developmentalists recognize that taking extreme positions on these issues is unwise. |
| | B) | Developmentalists are in agreement regarding how strongly development is influenced by each of these factors. |
| | C) | There is little debate among developmentalists on these issues. |
| | D) | All of the above statements are true. |
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| 14 | |
A person's age in terms of his or her physical health is called __________. |
| | A) | psychological age. |
| | B) | biological age. |
| | C) | chronological age. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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| 15 | |
The process we refer to when we speak of changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language is the __________. |
| | A) | cognitive process. |
| | B) | socioemotional process. |
| | C) | intellectual process. |
| | D) | conceptual process. |
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| 16 | |
When referring to adult periods of development, which period describes a time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility in which the adult provides assistance to the next generation? |
| | A) | early adulthood. |
| | B) | middle adulthood. |
| | C) | late adulthood. |
| | D) | mature adulthood. |
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| 17 | |
The most widely used classification of developmental periods involves how many periods? |
| | A) | three. |
| | B) | four. |
| | C) | six. |
| | D) | eight. |
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| 18 | |
The most important issues in the study of development include all of the following, EXCEPT __________. |
| | A) | nature and nurture. |
| | B) | continuity and discontinuity. |
| | C) | stability and change. |
| | D) | masculinity and femininity. |
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