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| 1 | |
Which statement regarding the study of life-span development is MOST accurate? |
| | A) | It is NOT considered a science, because it contains unprovable theories. |
| | B) | It is considered a science because of HOW—not what—it investigates; that is to say, its investigations employ the scientific method. |
| | C) | It only contains only a few grand theories, so it can still be considered a science. |
| | D) | It is considered a science because many of its theories have been proven. |
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| 2 | |
Which of these is NOT a theory of development? |
| | A) | An eclectic theoretical organization. |
| | B) | Ethological theory |
| | C) | Ecological theory |
| | D) | None of the above answers is correct: all of these are theories of development. |
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| 3 | |
Freud is associated with which theoretical perspective? |
| | A) | Psychoanalytic. |
| | B) | Cognitive. |
| | C) | Behavioral and social cognitive. |
| | D) | Ecological. |
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| 4 | |
The structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality is called the __________. |
| | A) | id. |
| | B) | superego. |
| | C) | Oedipus complex. |
| | D) | ego. |
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| 5 | |
What is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's personality theory of development? |
| | A) | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. |
| | B) | oral, phallic, genital, anal, latency. |
| | C) | oral, phallic, latency, anal, genital. |
| | D) | oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following best describes Freud's latency stage of development? |
| | A) | The child's greatest pleasure involves the anus or eliminative functions associated with it. |
| | B) | The child's greatest pleasure involves the genitals, and the child is said to experience the Oedipus complex. |
| | C) | The adolescent experiences a time of sexual reawakening, and the source of sexual pleasure is someone outside the family. |
| | D) | The child represses interest in sexuality, and develops social and intellectual skills. |
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| 7 | |
Which psychologist contended that "trust versus mistrust" is the first psychological stage? |
| | A) | Jean Piaget |
| | B) | Erik Erikson |
| | C) | Sigmund Freud |
| | D) | Lev Vygotsky |
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| 8 | |
The criticisms of psychoanalytic theory include all of the following ones, EXCEPT __________. |
| | A) | the sexual underpinnings of development are given too much importance. |
| | B) | the unconscious mind is given too much credit for influencing development. |
| | C) | much of the data used to support its theories comes from individual's reconstruction of the past, and are of unknown accuracy. |
| | D) | there is skepticism about the pureness of Piaget's stages. |
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| 9 | |
Piaget's theory states that children actively construct their understanding of the world and that they go through _______ (how many?) stages of cognitive development. |
| | A) | four. |
| | B) | five. |
| | C) | six. |
| | D) | eight. |
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| 10 | |
Robert Siegler emphasizes that an important aspect of development is __________. |
| | A) | being rewarded for good behaviors. |
| | B) | actively constructing one's world through assimilation and accommodation. |
| | C) | learning good strategies for processing information. |
| | D) | learning through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a conditioned response. |
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| 11 | |
According to Piaget, what is said to occur when individuals adjust to new information? |
| | A) | assimilation. |
| | B) | organization. |
| | C) | accommodation. |
| | D) | reorganization. |
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| 12 | |
The theory that emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it is called __________. |
| | A) | the situated and collaborative theory. |
| | B) | the information-processing theory. |
| | C) | the cognitive theory. |
| | D) | the behaviorist theory. |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is an assumption of Vygotsky's perspective on development? |
| | A) | Children do not adapt their thinking to new ideas via the processes of assimilation and accommodation. |
| | B) | Children's cognitive skills cannot be understood when they are only developmentally analyzed and interpreted. |
| | C) | Cognitive skills are not mediated by words, language, and forms of discourse. |
| | D) | Cognitive skills do not have their origins in social relations. |
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| 14 | |
The three versions of the behavioral approach that are explored in this chapter include all of the following ones, EXCEPT _________. |
| | A) | Siegler's information processing. |
| | B) | Pavlov's classical conditioning. |
| | C) | Skinner's operant conditioning. |
| | D) | Bandura's social cognitive theory. |
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| 15 | |
Who was the psychologist responsible for originating the theory of attachment? |
| | A) | Konrad Lorenz. |
| | B) | John Bowlby. |
| | C) | Urie Bronfenbrenner. |
| | D) | None of these. |
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| 16 | |
__________ is to operant conditioning as __________ is to social cognitive theory. |
| | A) | Skinner; Bandura. |
| | B) | Skinner; Pavlov. |
| | C) | Pavlov; Watson. |
| | D) | Pavlov; Bandura. |
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| 17 | |
According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, the macrosystem is __________. |
| | A) | the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course. |
| | B) | the culture in which individuals live. |
| | C) | involved when experiences in another social setting influence what the individual experiences in an immediate context. |
| | D) | the overarching system that includes all of these factors and more. |
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| 18 | |
Which of these theories originated before the others? |
| | A) | Skinner's behavioral theory. |
| | B) | Piaget's cognitive developmental theory. |
| | C) | Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive theory. |
| | D) | Erikson's psychoanalytic theory. |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following statements regarding the emphasis of cognition in various perspectives is FALSE? |
| | A) | Cognition is strongly de-emphasized in behavioral approaches such as Skinner's and Pavlov's. |
| | B) | Cognition is not emphasized in ethological or ecological perspectives. |
| | C) | Cognition is emphasized in the psychoanalytic perspective, but only in the form of conscious thought. |
| | D) | Cognition is the primary determinant of behavior in Piaget's and Vygotsky's perspectives. |
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| 20 | |
Which type of research method involves an in-depth look at one individual? |
| | A) | longitudinal approach. |
| | B) | case study. |
| | C) | experiment |
| | D) | scientific method. |
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| 21 | |
Using terms such aslike "African American," "Latino," and "Asian American" in a superficial way is an example of __________. |
| | A) | ethology. |
| | B) | imprinting. |
| | C) | ethnic gloss. |
| | D) | assimilation. |
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