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| 1 | |
Who identified the concept of natural selection? |
| | A) | Charles Darwin |
| | B) | Davis Buss |
| | C) | Paul Baltes |
| | D) | Steven Jay Gould |
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| 2 | |
Psychology's newest approach that emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest is called: ______. |
| | A) | ecological theory. |
| | B) | social cognitive theory. |
| | C) | evolutionary psychology. |
| | D) | natural selection. |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the premises of Baltes' view of evolution and culture across the life span? |
| | A) | The benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age. |
| | B) | The need for culture decreases with age. |
| | C) | As people age, the allocation of resources changes. |
| | D) | Evolutionary selection operates mainly during the first half of life. |
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| 4 | |
This definition emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior. |
| | A) | phenotype |
| | B) | genotype |
| | C) | behavior genetics |
| | D) | evolutionary psychology |
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| 5 | |
Humans have _____ pairs of chromosomes. |
| | A) | 46 |
| | B) | 23 |
| | C) | 2 |
| | D) | an undetermined number of |
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| 6 | |
______ is a complex molecule that contains genetic information. |
| | A) | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| | B) | A gene |
| | C) | A chromosome |
| | D) | The zygote |
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| 7 | |
The female gamete is called a(n) ______, and it is involved in the process of cellular reproduction called ______. |
| | A) | sperm/mitosis |
| | B) | sperm/meiosis |
| | C) | ovum/mitosis |
| | D) | ovum/meiosis |
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| 8 | |
Mitosis is: ______. |
| | A) | the process of cell division in which chromosome in a cell's nucleus duplicates itself. |
| | B) | the evolutionary process that favors individuals of a species that are best adapted to survive and reproduce. |
| | C) | a prenatal medical procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders. |
| | D) | the process of creating offspring, beginning with fertilization. |
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| 9 | |
Which genetic principle suggests that many genes can interact to produce a particular characteristic? |
| | A) | sex-linked genes |
| | B) | reaction range |
| | C) | polygenic inheritance |
| | D) | canalization |
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| 10 | |
Emily, who has brown eyes, has one dominant gene (B) and one recessive gene (b). When we describe her actual genetic makeup (Bb), we are describing her: ______. |
| | A) | phenotype. |
| | B) | genotype. |
| | C) | reaction range. |
| | D) | gametes. |
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| 11 | |
Which definition best describes behavior genetics? |
| | A) | a contemporary approach to development that emphasizes that behavior is a function of mechanisms and is ultimately related to survival and reproduction |
| | B) | a genetic principle describing the interaction of many genes to produce a particular characteristic |
| | C) | a branch of study that is concerned with the degree and nature of behavior's hereditary basis |
| | D) | a description of the narrow path or developmental course that certain characteristics follow |
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| 12 | |
Regarding behavior genetics, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Behavior genetics uses twin studies to determine the degree and nature of behavior's hereditary basis. |
| | B) | Behavior genetics seeks to discover the precise location of genes that determine individual susceptibility to particular diseases and disorders. |
| | C) | The Minnesota Study of Twins is an example of research in behavior genetics. |
| | D) | Behavior genetics uses adoption studies to determine the degree and nature of behavior's hereditary basis. |
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| 13 | |
Regarding the Human Genome Project, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | The project indicates that humans have about 50,000 to 100,000 genes. |
| | B) | This research suggests that there are far more proteins produced in the human body than there are human genes. |
| | C) | This research suggests that genes act more independently than collaboratively. |
| | D) | All of these statements are true. |
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| 14 | |
Which sex-linked chromosomal abnormality occurs most often? |
| | A) | Klinefelter syndrome |
| | B) | Turner syndrome |
| | C) | XYY syndrome |
| | D) | Down syndrome |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following best describes phenylketonuria (PKU)? |
| | A) | a genetic disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome |
| | B) | a chromosomal abnormality resulting in mental retardation |
| | C) | a genetic disorder affecting the red blood cells |
| | D) | a genetic disorder in which the individual cannot properly metabolize protein |
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| 16 | |
Shannon is 18 weeks pregnant and is taking a test to assess her alpha protein level, which is associated with neural-tube defects. Which test is Shannon taking? |
| | A) | ultrasonography |
| | B) | amniocentesis |
| | C) | chorionic villi sampling |
| | D) | maternal blood test |
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| 17 | |
Approximately what percentage of couples in the United States experience infertility? |
| | A) | 2 to 3 percent |
| | B) | 4 to 8 percent |
| | C) | 10 to 15 percent |
| | D) | 22 to 26 percent |
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| 18 | |
Which fertility treatment has the highest success rate? |
| | A) | in vitro fertilization |
| | B) | gamete intrafallopian transfer |
| | C) | intrauterine insemination |
| | D) | zygote intrafallopian transfer |
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| 19 | |
In ______, an egg and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish, and if the egg is fertilized, the resulting embryo is transferred into the woman's uterus. |
| | A) | in vitro fertilization |
| | B) | intracytoplasmic sperm injection |
| | C) | intrauterine insemination |
| | D) | gamete intrafallopian transfer |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following statements regarding adopted children is TRUE? |
| | A) | Adopted children show slightly higher levels of adjustment than nonadopted children. |
| | B) | More adjustment problems are associated with later ages of adoption than with early adoption. |
| | C) | Adopted children have lower levels of prosocial behavior than nonadopted children. |
| | D) | Adoptees are at higher risk for school-related problems than nonadopted children. |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following is a conclusion of The Bell Curve, by Herrnstein and Murray? |
| | A) | America is rapidly evolving a huge underclass of intellectually deprived citizens. |
| | B) | IQ is qualitative and difficult to measure. |
| | C) | Programs like Project Head Start are a good use of government resources. |
| | D) | African Americans are well positioned for success in America today. |
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| 22 | |
Which heritability estimate suggests a strong genetic influence? |
| | A) | .25 |
| | B) | .5 |
| | C) | .75 |
| | D) | 1.25 |
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| 23 | |
According to Sandra Scarr, heredity and environment can be correlated in three ways. Which of the following describes the evocative genotype–environment correlation? |
| | A) | Biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child. |
| | B) | Children and adolescents seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating. |
| | C) | A child's genotype elicits certain types of physical and social environments. |
| | D) | A child's unique experiences are not shared with another sibling. |
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| 24 | |
A behavior geneticist studies siblings' common experiences. These are referred to as: ______. |
| | A) | shared environmental experiences. |
| | B) | nonshared environmental experiences. |
| | C) | the Flynn effect. |
| | D) | the Nurture Assumption. |
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| 25 | |
Which view emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment? |
| | A) | the epigenetic view |
| | B) | shared environmental experiences |
| | C) | passive genotype–environment correlations |
| | D) | evolutionary psychology |
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