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| 1 | |
Which best describes the trophoblast? |
| | A) | the outer layer of cells that develops during the germinal period |
| | B) | the inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period |
| | C) | the third stage of birth in which the placenta and umbilical cord are expelled |
| | D) | the period after childbirth or delivery |
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| 2 | |
A developing human is forming three layers of cells call the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. In which period of prenatal development is this human? |
| | A) | germinal |
| | B) | embryonic |
| | C) | fetal |
| | D) | preterm |
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| 3 | |
Which layer of embryonic cells eventually forms the circulatory system, bones, and muscle? |
| | A) | endoderm |
| | B) | mesoderm |
| | C) | ectoderm |
| | D) | blastocyst |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is NOT part of the embryonic period? |
| | A) | intensified cell differentiation |
| | B) | appearance of organs |
| | C) | formation of cellular support systems |
| | D) | creation of the zygote |
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| 5 | |
Which is the longest period in prenatal development? |
| | A) | fetal |
| | B) | germinal |
| | C) | embryonic |
| | D) | organogenesis |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following describes the amnion? |
| | A) | a bag or envelope in which the developing embryo floats |
| | B) | life-support structure that consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join |
| | C) | life-support structure that contains two arteries and one vein, connecting the baby to the placenta |
| | D) | the inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period |
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| 7 | |
The human is 11 inches long, has an audible heartbeat, sucks its thumb, and hiccups. Which trimester of development is this human in? |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | second |
| | C) | third |
| | D) | fourth |
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| 8 | |
Regarding teratogens, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Practically every fetus is exposed to at least some teratogens. |
| | B) | The dose, timing of exposure, and genetic susceptibility influence the effect and expression of the teratogen. |
| | C) | The effects of teratogens show up at birth. |
| | D) | Teratogens include drugs, environmental hazards, and maternal as well as paternal characteristics. |
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| 9 | |
Madeline is exposed to a teratogen during the fourth and fifth weeks of prenatal development. Madeline's developing baby is most susceptible to negative effects in which area of development? |
| | A) | central nervous system |
| | B) | eyes |
| | C) | teeth |
| | D) | genitalia |
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| 10 | |
Recent studies have shown that some fish contain high levels of mercury, which is released into the air both naturally and by industrial pollution. What specific damage can be done to the embryo? |
| | A) | It may interfere with cell division and may cause birth defects or even fetal death. |
| | B) | It can cause damage to organs after they have formed, such as eye lesions, which can cause blindness, and skin lesions. |
| | C) | Mercury is easily transferred across the placenta, and the embryo's developing brain and nervous system are highly sensitive to the metal. |
| | D) | Infants are born with malformations, including mental retardation, blindness, deafness, and heart problems. |
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| 11 | |
FAS is a cluster of abnormalities that appears in the offspring of mothers who ______ during pregnancy. |
| | A) | take prescription drugs |
| | B) | drink alcohol heavily |
| | C) | smoke tobacco |
| | D) | use cocaine |
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| 12 | |
Syphilis, genital herpes, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) are examples of teratogens from the ______ category. |
| | A) | psychoactive drug |
| | B) | environmental hazards |
| | C) | maternal states and stress |
| | D) | infectious disease |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following statements regarding prenatal development risks is FALSE? |
| | A) | Paternal factors can adversely affect prenatal development. |
| | B) | Older women are at increased risk for having a baby with Down syndrome. |
| | C) | Maternal nutrition plays little role in prenatal development. |
| | D) | Cigarette smoking by women has serious adverse effects on prenatal and child development. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following contributes to a pregnant woman's decisions and behaviors regarding prenatal care? |
| | A) | practical considerations such as lack of transportation and financial difficulties |
| | B) | motivational factors, such as attitude toward the pregnancy |
| | C) | cultural beliefs about pregnancy |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 15 | |
Twenty-year-old Bebe is in labor. Bebe is having contractions that are causing her cervix to stretch and open. In which stage of labor is Bebe? |
| | A) | stage 1 |
| | B) | stage 2 |
| | C) | stage 3 |
| | D) | stage 4 |
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| 16 | |
Regarding childbirth attendants, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | Midwives attend about 20 percent of births in the United States. |
| | B) | Midwives, or doulas, are used quite extensively in countries other than the United States. |
| | C) | Most midwives practicing in the United States are nurses who have had special training in labor and delivery. |
| | D) | All of the above are true. |
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| 17 | |
During labor, Karla decides to have a procedure in which her body is numbed from the waist down. This procedure is called ______ and is a type of ______. |
| | A) | an epidural block/analgesia |
| | B) | an epidural block/anesthesia |
| | C) | anoxia/oxytocic |
| | D) | breech/anoxia |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is the current emphasis in childbirth in the United States today? |
| | A) | natural childbirth without any medication |
| | B) | increased use of cesarean deliveries because of its superior benefits |
| | C) | use of some medication, keeping it to a minimum, along with broad education of pregnant women |
| | D) | use of midwives and at-home births |
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| 19 | |
The surgical removal of the baby from the uterus is called ______. |
| | A) | cesarean section |
| | B) | pitocin |
| | C) | afterbirth |
| | D) | involution |
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| 20 | |
Babies born weighing less than ____ pounds are called low-birthweight infants. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 3 |
| | C) | 4.5 |
| | D) | 5 |
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| 21 | |
Regarding the Apgar Scale, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | This test measures five aspects of newborn health. |
| | B) | A score of 7 to 10 is considered good. |
| | C) | The test is administered one hour after birth. |
| | D) | A nurse or obstetrician conducts this test. |
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| 22 | |
Regarding the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | It includes many detailed ratings. |
| | B) | It includes an assessment of social responsiveness. |
| | C) | It is administered 24 to 36 hours after birth. |
| | D) | It is used in applied settings but rarely for research. |
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| 23 | |
Close holding, physical, skin-to-skin contact with a preterm infant can be beneficial for a number of reasons. This particular kind of care is called: ________. |
| | A) | monkey care. |
| | B) | kangaroo care. |
| | C) | massage therapy. |
| | D) | bonding. |
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| 24 | |
All but which of the following are part of the postpartum period? |
| | A) | involution |
| | B) | need to reduce exercise |
| | C) | hormonal changes |
| | D) | fatigue |
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| 25 | |
Thirty-year-old Farrah has just delivered a baby. If she is like most women, how long should Farrah expect the postpartum period to last? |
| | A) | 2 weeks |
| | B) | 6 weeks |
| | C) | 6 months |
| | D) | 3 months |
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| 26 | |
Regarding bonding, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Bonding is the occurrence of close contact, especially physical, between parents and newborns in the period shortly after birth. |
| | B) | Many hospitals offer rooming in to encourage contact between new parents and their infants. |
| | C) | There is evidence that bonding is critical in the development of a competent infant. |
| | D) | Special interest in bonding came about when some pediatricians argued that the circumstances surrounding delivery often separate mothers and their infants. |
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