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| 1 | |
Which of the following can be involved in the experience of emotion? |
| | A) | physiological arousal |
| | B) | conscious experience |
| | C) | behavior |
| | D) | All of these can be associated with emotion. |
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| 2 | |
John has a long initial cry following an extended period of breath-holding. This pattern can best be described as a(n) ______ cry. |
| | A) | anger |
| | B) | basic |
| | C) | pain |
| | D) | anger or basic |
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| 3 | |
Regarding crying and smiling, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Babies have at least three types of cries. |
| | B) | Females, particularly mothers, are innately programmed to respond nurturantly to an infant's cries. |
| | C) | There are two types of smiles that can be distinguished in infants. |
| | D) | Although there is controversy about whether babies should be soothed after a cry, an increasing number of developmentalists support that infant crying should be responded to immediately. |
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| 4 | |
Ten-month-old Sara is gradually developing the ability to inhibit the intensity and duration of her reactions in order to adapt and reach her goals. Which developmental achievement is Sara mastering? |
| | A) | emotional regulation |
| | B) | attachment |
| | C) | social referencing |
| | D) | temperament |
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| 5 | |
John and Mary, new parents, should expect their baby to have his first social smile around which age? |
| | A) | 2 to 3 months |
| | B) | 3 to 4 months |
| | C) | 5 to 7 months |
| | D) | 6 to 8 months |
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| 6 | |
Which set of descriptors is associated with the famous study of infant temperament? |
| | A) | secure, insecure, and disorganized |
| | B) | smiling, separation protest, stranger anxiety, and social referencing |
| | C) | anger cry, basic cry, and pain cry |
| | D) | easy baby, difficult baby, and slow-to-warm-up baby |
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| 7 | |
Baby Elizabeth has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood. She would best be described as having which type of temperament? |
| | A) | slow-to-warm-up |
| | B) | easy |
| | C) | difficult |
| | D) | sociable |
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| 8 | |
Fourteen-month-old Duane's temperament is categorized as "inhibition to the unfamiliar." Based on this categorization, we would predict that Duane will exhibit all but which of the following? |
| | A) | introversion |
| | B) | shyness with strangers |
| | C) | sociability |
| | D) | negative affectivity |
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| 9 | |
Two-year-old Salina's temperament matches the demands of her environment. Psychologists would describe Salina as having ______. |
| | A) | low stranger anxiety |
| | B) | strong emotional regulation |
| | C) | goodness of fit |
| | D) | secure attachment |
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| 10 | |
Which of Erikson's stages are relevant to development in infancy? |
| | A) | trust versus mistrust |
| | B) | autonomy versus shame |
| | C) | initiative versus guilt |
| | D) | both a and b |
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| 11 | |
A psychologist uses the mirror-and-rouge technique to determine if a infant has a sense of: ______. |
| | A) | trust. |
| | B) | self. |
| | C) | attachment. |
| | D) | autonomy. |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following researchers did NOT study attachment? |
| | A) | Harry Harlow |
| | B) | Mary Ainsworth |
| | C) | John Bowlby |
| | D) | Sheila Kamerman |
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| 13 | |
Eighteen-month-old Arianna has developed specific attachments to her father and grandmother. According to Bowlby, in which phase of attachment is Arianna? |
| | A) | phase 1 |
| | B) | phase 2 |
| | C) | phase 3 |
| | D) | phase 4 |
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| 14 | |
In the Strange Situation, 11-month-old Mai uses her mother as a safe base from which to explore her environment. Which type of as attachment describes Mai's behavior? |
| | A) | insecure avoidant |
| | B) | secure |
| | C) | insecure resistant |
| | D) | disorganized |
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| 15 | |
Ten-month-old Jorge exhibits an insecure-resistant style in the Strange Situation. We would predict that Jorge's caregiver demonstrates which style? |
| | A) | sensitivity to Jorge's needs and consistently available to meet them |
| | B) | unavailable or rejecting toward Jorge |
| | C) | inconsistently available and usually not affectionate with Jorge |
| | D) | neglectful or physically abusive of Jorge |
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| 16 | |
In a cross-cultural study reported in the text, attachment styles were compared in babies from the United States, Germany, and Japan. Which of the following is a finding from this study? |
| | A) | Attachment styles are similar in all of the cultures. |
| | B) | The most common type of attachment in all three cultures is secure attachment. |
| | C) | Japanese infants are more avoidant than U.S. infants, while German infants are less avoidant than U.S. infants. |
| | D) | All of these are findings from this study. |
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| 17 | |
Ainsworth believes that _________ in the first year of life provides an important foundation for psychological development later in life. The infant uses a caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment. |
| | A) | secure attachment |
| | B) | Strange Situation |
| | C) | attachment |
| | D) | emotional regulation |
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| 18 | |
The principle of reciprocal socialization suggests that parents ______ socialize children and children ______ socialize parents. |
| | A) | do/do |
| | B) | do/do not |
| | C) | do not/do |
| | D) | do not/do not |
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| 19 | |
Lawrence times his interactions with his infant daughter so that his daughter can experience turn-taking, thereby developing her own abilities. Psychologists describe Lawrence's strategy as ______. |
| | A) | reciprocal socialization |
| | B) | attachment |
| | C) | autonomy |
| | D) | scaffolding |
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| 20 | |
Of the following, which is an example of a polyadic family system? |
| | A) | mother and child |
| | B) | father and child |
| | C) | mother, father, and child |
| | D) | mother and father |
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| 21 | |
Regarding gender differences in parental caregiving, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Paternal interactions are more likely to include play. |
| | B) | Fathers engage in more rough-and-tumble play with their infants. |
| | C) | Infants consistently demonstrate a preference for their mothers. |
| | D) | Maternal interactions usually center on child-care activities. |
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