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| 1 | |
Four-year-old Alfred is expected to be in which stage of psychosocial development? |
| | A) | industry versus inferiority |
| | B) | initiative versus guilt |
| | C) | identity versus identity confusion |
| | D) | intimacy versus isolation |
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| 2 | |
Four-year-old Maya is predicted to think of herself in terms of a(n) ______ self. |
| | A) | physical |
| | B) | active |
| | C) | abstract |
| | D) | physical and active |
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| 3 | |
If 3-year-old Tifara is like the average child her age, she should be able to do all but which of the following? |
| | A) | correctly label simple emotions in herself and others |
| | B) | use emotion language in pretend play |
| | C) | understand that the same event may cause different feelings in different people |
| | D) | talk about the causes and consequences of some emotions |
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| 4 | |
_________________ monitor their children's emotions, view their children's negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, assist them in labeling emotions, and coach them in how to deal effectively with emotions. |
| | A) | Emotion-dismissing parents |
| | B) | Neglectful parents |
| | C) | Emotion-coaching parents |
| | D) | Indulgent parents |
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| 5 | |
Six-year-old Robyn believes that rules are unchangeable properties, not under the control of people. Robyn's level of moral development is best described as: ______. |
| | A) | empathetic. |
| | B) | imminent justice. |
| | C) | heteronomous morality. |
| | D) | autonomous morality. |
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| 6 | |
______ is a set of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel. |
| | A) | Gender |
| | B) | Gender role |
| | C) | Gender identity |
| | D) | Sex |
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| 7 | |
Which statement best describes the gender schema theory explanation for gender development? |
| | A) | An individual's attention and behavior are guided by an internal motivation to conform to gender-based standards and stereotypes. |
| | B) | Children's gender typing occurs after they have developed a concept of gender, at which point they organize their worlds on the basis of gender. |
| | C) | Children learn expected gender behaviors through rewards and punishments, as well as through observation and imitation of models. |
| | D) | Identification with the same-sex parent, and incorporation of gender behavior similar to that expressed by the parent, results after resolution of the Oedipal conflict. |
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| 8 | |
Janet has a restrictive, punitive parenting style. She expects her children to obey her rules without many questions. Psychologists use the term ______ to describe Janet's parenting style. |
| | A) | indulgent |
| | B) | neglectful |
| | C) | authoritative |
| | D) | authoritarian |
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| 9 | |
Diana Baumrind's research suggests that parenting that is ______ and ______ leads to the best outcomes for children. |
| | A) | accepting/demanding |
| | B) | accepting/undemanding |
| | C) | rejecting/demanding |
| | D) | rejecting/undemanding |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is a reason that a parent should avoid the use of physical punishment with their children? |
| | A) | Some studies indicate that physical punishment leads to lower levels of moral internalization and poorer mental health. |
| | B) | Intense punishment can instill rage, fear, or avoidance in children. |
| | C) | Physical punishment can easily lead to abuse. |
| | D) | All of these are reasons to avoid the use of physical punishment. |
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| 11 | |
Regarding child maltreatment, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | The most common type of child maltreatment is child neglect. |
| | B) | Child abuse places the child at risk for a number of different developmental problems. |
| | C) | Child abuse is more common in China than in the United States. |
| | D) | Many parents who abuse their children come from families where physical punishment was used. |
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| 12 | |
About what percentage of American children have siblings? |
| | A) | 50 percent |
| | B) | 65 percent |
| | C) | 80 percent |
| | D) | 90 percent |
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| 13 | |
Regarding the changing family, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | An increasing number of children in the United States are growing up in single-parent families. |
| | B) | There is consensus among psychologists that children from divorced families show adjustment problems to a greater extent than do children from nondivorced families. |
| | C) | Research suggests that there are long-term negative effects on children when their mothers work outside the home. |
| | D) | Personality and temperament play a role in children's adjustment in divorced families. |
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| 14 | |
Regarding cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic variation in families, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | The most common parenting style around the world is authoritarian. |
| | B) | African American and Latino children are more likely than White American children to live in smaller families. |
| | C) | Parents from higher-income families are more likely to use physical punishment than parents from low-income families. |
| | D) | African American and Latino children are more likely than White American children to live in single-parent families. |
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| 15 | |
For which reason are peers important in normal social development? |
| | A) | They serve as powerful socialization agents. |
| | B) | Those children who are accepted by their peers are at risk for fewer developmental problems. |
| | C) | They provide a source of information and comparison about the world outside of the family. |
| | D) | All of these are reasons that peers are important in normal social development. |
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| 16 | |
Regarding play, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Play is essential to a young child's health. |
| | B) | Play therapy can be used to analyze a child's conflicts and their ways of coping with conflicts. |
| | C) | Vygotsky emphasized the role of play in cognitive development, whereas Piaget de-emphasized it. |
| | D) | Play is defined as a pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake. |
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| 17 | |
Three-year-old Sammy is playing separately from the other children in his play group but is mimicking their play. Parten would describe Sammy's behavior as ______ play. |
| | A) | solitary |
| | B) | onlooker |
| | C) | parallel |
| | D) | cooperative |
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| 18 | |
Four-year-old Phoebe is learning the new skills associated with jumping rope. She repeats her rope jumping over and over. Which play style describes Phoebe's behavior? |
| | A) | sensorimotor play |
| | B) | practice play |
| | C) | symbolic play |
| | D) | constructive play |
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| 19 | |
Which group of children is predicted to spend the most time playing games? |
| | A) | a group of preschoolers |
| | B) | a group of 11-year-olds |
| | C) | a group of 14-year-olds |
| | D) | None of these; there are no age differences in the playing of games. |
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| 20 | |
Regarding children and television, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Television violence can induce aggression in children. |
| | B) | Prosocial behaviors on television are associated with increased positive behavior in children. |
| | C) | Children's cognitive skills have relatively little influence on their television-viewing experiences. |
| | D) | Television viewing is negatively related to children's creativity skills. |
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| 21 | |
In which country do 9-year-old children watch the most television? |
| | A) | United States |
| | B) | Switzerland |
| | C) | Spain |
| | D) | Canada |
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